Resonant forms at zero for dissipative Anosov flows (Q6917027)

Let \(X\) be a vector field which generates a transitive Anosov flows on 3-manifold~\(\mathcal{M}\). Let \(\Omega^+_{SRB}\) be the Sinai-Ruelle-Bowen (SRB) measure of \(X\), i.e., due to interpretation from [\textit{Y. G. Bonthonneau} et al., J. Eur. Math. Soc. (JEMS) 27, No. 8, 3085--3147 (2025; Zbl 08060115)], the unique invariant probability measure whose wavefront set lies in \(E^*_u.\) Similarly, one introduces the SRB measure \(\Omega^-_{SRB}\) for the flow \(-X.\)\N\NThe 2-forms \(\omega^{\pm}=i_X \Omega^{\pm}_{SRB}\) are closed and define de Rham cohomology classes in \(\mathcal{H}_2(\mathcal{M}).\) They play a key role in the determination of the space of resonant 1-forms. When both classes vanish, i.e. \([\omega^\pm]_{\mathcal{H}_2(\mathcal{M})}=0,\) the authors define for the flow a helicity \N\[\N\mathcal{H}(X)=\int_{\mathcal{M}}\tau^+(X)\Omega^-_{SRB}=\int_{\mathcal{M}}\tau^-(X)\Omega^+_{SRB},\N\]\Nwhere \({\omega^\pm=d\tau^\pm}.\) It naturally extends the classical notion associated with null-homologous volume-preserving flows. The authors also interpret the helicity as an averaged linking number.\N\NSeveral examples are considered in the paper, such as suspension of a linear hyperbolic toral automorphism \({A\in \mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb{Z})}\); thermostats associated with holomorphic quadratic differentials, giving rise to quasi-Fuchsian flows introduced by \textit{E. Ghys} [Ann. Inst. Fourier 42, No. 1--2, 209--247 (1992; Zbl 0759.58036)]; and \(W\)-flows introduced in [\textit{M. P. Wojtkowski}, J. Math. Pures Appl. (9) 79, No. 10, 953--974 (2000; Zbl 0969.37017)].\N\NIn particular, for quasi-Fuchsian flows there is computed explicitly all resonant 1-forms at zero and formula for the helicity (the first known result in a dissipative context).