Vector-valued Banach limits and the linear span property (Q6917812)

This paper concerns conditions for weak compactness in Banach spaces via the existence of vector-valued Banach limits. Let \(X\) be a Banach space and denote by \(\ell_X^{\infty}\) the space of all bounded \(X\)-valued sequences. Suppose that \(M:\ell_X^{\infty} \rightarrow X\) is a bounded linear operator such that the following holds: \begin{itemize} \item[a)] \(M(x,x,x,\dots)=x \ \text{for\ all}\ x\in X\), \item[b)] \(M(x_2,x_3,x_4,\dots)=M(x_1,x_2,x_3,\dots) \) for all \( (x_n)\in \ell_X^{\infty}\). \end{itemize} Then \(M\) is called an \(X\)-valued Banach limit on \(\ell_X^{\infty}\). The author proves the following result: if there exists an \(X\)-valued Banach limit \(M\) on \(\ell_X^{\infty}\) such that \[ M(x_1,x_2,x_3,\dots)\in \overline{\mathrm{span}}\{x_n:n\in \mathbb{N}\} \ \ \text{for\ all}\ (x_n)\in \ell_X^{\infty}, \] then \(X\) is reflexive, i.e., the closed unit ball of \(X\) is weakly compact. A more general condition in terms of \(X\)-valued Banach limits for a bounded subset \(A\) of \(X\) to be relatively weakly compact is also proved.