Vector-valued Banach limits and the linear span property (Q6917812)

This paper concerns conditions for weak compactness in Banach spaces via the existence of vector-valued Banach limits.\N\NLet \(X\) be a Banach space and denote by \(\ell_X^{\infty}\) the space of all bounded \(X\)-valued sequences.\N\NSuppose that \(M:\ell_X^{\infty} \rightarrow X\) is a bounded linear operator such that the following holds:\N\begin{itemize}\N\item[a)] \(M(x,x,x,\dots)=x \ \text{for\ all}\ x\in X\),\N\item[b)] \(M(x_2,x_3,x_4,\dots)=M(x_1,x_2,x_3,\dots) \) for all \( (x_n)\in \ell_X^{\infty}\).\N\end{itemize}\NThen \(M\) is called an \(X\)-valued Banach limit on \(\ell_X^{\infty}\).\N\NThe author proves the following result: if there exists an \(X\)-valued Banach limit \(M\) on \(\ell_X^{\infty}\) such that \N\[\NM(x_1,x_2,x_3,\dots)\in \overline{\mathrm{span}}\{x_n:n\in \mathbb{N}\} \ \ \text{for\ all}\ (x_n)\in \ell_X^{\infty},\N\]\Nthen \(X\) is reflexive, i.e., the closed unit ball of \(X\) is weakly compact.\N\NA more general condition in terms of \(X\)-valued Banach limits for a bounded subset \(A\) of \(X\) to be relatively weakly compact is also proved.