Vector-valued Banach limits and the linear span property

DOI10.1007/S00010-024-01140-7MaRDI QIDQ6917812zbMATH OpenFDO

Publication date 10 October 2025

Published in Aequationes Mathematicae (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1007/S00010-024-01140-7

reflexivity vector-valued Banach limits weak compactness

Functional analytic methods in summability (40H05) Duality and reflexivity in normed linear and Banach spaces (46B10) Compactness in Banach (or normed) spaces (46B50)

Review text

This paper concerns conditions for weak compactness in Banach spaces via the existence of vector-valued Banach limits.\N\NLet \(X\) be a Banach space and denote by \(\ell_X^{\infty}\) the space of all bounded \(X\)-valued sequences.\N\NSuppose that \(M:\ell_X^{\infty} \rightarrow X\) is a bounded linear operator such that the following holds:\N\begin{itemize}\N\item[a)] \(M(x,x,x,\dots)=x \ \text{for\ all}\ x\in X\),\N\item[b)] \(M(x_2,x_3,x_4,\dots)=M(x_1,x_2,x_3,\dots) \) for all \( (x_n)\in \ell_X^{\infty}\).\N\end{itemize}\NThen \(M\) is called an \(X\)-valued Banach limit on \(\ell_X^{\infty}\).\N\NThe author proves the following result: if there exists an \(X\)-valued Banach limit \(M\) on \(\ell_X^{\infty}\) such that \N\[\NM(x_1,x_2,x_3,\dots)\in \overline{\mathrm{span}}\{x_n:n\in \mathbb{N}\} \ \ \text{for\ all}\ (x_n)\in \ell_X^{\infty},\N\]\Nthen \(X\) is reflexive, i.e., the closed unit ball of \(X\) is weakly compact.\N\NA more general condition in terms of \(X\)-valued Banach limits for a bounded subset \(A\) of \(X\) to be relatively weakly compact is also proved.

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