Noncommutative Poisson structure and invariants of matrices (Q7001182)

The paper studies matrix invariants over the complex numbers. Let \(M_n\) be the full matrix algebra of order \(n\), the general linear group \(\mathrm{GL}_n\) acts on the \(d\)-tuples \(M_n^d\) of matrices from \(M_n\) by simultaneous conjugation. The conjugation induces a \(LL_n\)-action on the algebra \(\mathbb{C}[M_n^d]\) of the polynomial functions on \(M_n^d\). Denote by \(C_{nd}=\mathbb{C}[M_n^d]^{\mathrm{GL}_n}\) the algebra of \(\mathrm{GL}_n\)-invariants under this action. The latter algebra is of extreme importance, its description in terms of generators and relations was given independently by \textit{Ju. P. Razmyslov} [Math. USSR, Izv. 8, 727--760 (1975; Zbl 0311.16016); translation from Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Mat. 38, 723--756 (1974)] and by \textit{C. Procesi} [Adv. Math. 19, 306--381 (1976; Zbl 0331.15021)] and by the authors of the present paper study the case of arbitrary \(n\) whenever \(d=2\), that is the invariants of two generic \(n\times n\) complex matrices. Finding a minimal generating set and the relations among the generators is still a widely open problem, the only cases where the answer is known being \(C_{2d}\) for every \(d\), \(C_{32}\), and \(C_{33}\). Here the authors give the complete list of relations for a minimal system of generators for \(C_{42}\). In order to obtain this theorem the authors employ methods from Poisson algebras, and also clever combinatorial computations. It seems to the reviewer that the paper can provide valuable insights into the structure of \(C_{52}\) and possibly \(C_{62}\).