Lowest weight modules of \(\mathrm{Sp}_4 (\mathbb{R})\) and nearly holomorphic Siegel modular forms (Q824272)

The notion of nearly holomorphic modular forms on the Siegel upper half space is introduced by Shimura as a natural generalization of holomorphic modular forms on the upper half plane. Typical examples of such functions are special values of Eisenstein series, which play an important role in the theory of Rankin-Selberg \(L\)-functions. A natural but important question is to give a classification of nearly holomorphic modular forms. Certain structure theorem was obtained by \textit{G. Shimura} [Math. Ann. 278, 1--28 (1987; Zbl 0636.10023); Arithmeticity in the theory of automorphic forms. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society (AMS) (2000; Zbl 0967.11001)], which was significantly used in some arithmetic problems such as critical values of \(L\)-functions. In the paper under review, the authors provide an interpretation of these classical objects in terms of Langland's framework of automorphic forms on reductive groups. More precisely, they obtain a structure theorem for the space of nearly holomorphic vector-valued Siegel modular forms of arbitrary weight \(\det^{l} \mathrm{sym}^{m}\) with respect to an arbitrary congruence subgroup of \(\mathrm{Sp}_4(\mathbb{Q})\) by analyzing the \(K\)-types, weight vectors and composition series of the corresponding \((\mathfrak{g},K)\) modules of \(\mathrm{Sp}_4(\mathbb{R})\). They also obtain certain arithmetic results as an application of the structure theorem.