Cleft extensions of Hopf algebroids. (Q863168)

A left bialgebroid \(H\) over a (possibly non-commutative) base algebra \(L\) has an \(L\otimes L^{op}\)-ring structure and an \(L\)-coring structure with some compatibility conditions. There is an analagous definition of right bialgebroid. A Hopf algebroid \(H\) has both a left bialgebra structure \((H,L)\) and a right bialgebra structure \((H,R)\) with connecting axioms which imply that the left coproduct is \(R\)-\(R\) bilinear and the right coproduct is \(L\)-\(L\) bilinear. It also has an antipode \(S\colon H\to H\) which is an \(R\otimes L\)-\(R\otimes L\) bilinear map which satisfies a property analogous (but more complicated than) the convolution inverse of the identity map property of the antipode of an ordinary Hopf algebra. Comodule algebras are defined for bialgebroids and Hopf algebroids, and coinvariants are defined. Let \(H\) be a Hopf algebroid, \(A\) a right \(H\)-comodule algebra, \(B\) the \(H\)-coinvariants of \(A\). The extension \(A\) of \(B\) is called \(H\)-cleft if (1) \(A\) is an \(L\)-ring and \(B\) is an \(L\)-subring of \(A\), and (2) There exists a convolution invertible left \(L\)-linear right \(H\)-colinear morphism of \(H\) into \(A\). The main theorem of the paper states that the extension \(A\) of \(B\) is \(H\)-cleft if and only if (a) \(A\) is an \((H,R)\)-Galois extension of \(B\), and (b) \(A\) is isomorphic to \(B\otimes_LH\) as left \(B\)-modules and right \(H\)-comodules. The Galois condition refers to the right bialgebroid \((H,R)\), whereas the normal basis property is with respect to the left bialgebroid \((H,L)\). The paper also studies crossed products with Hopf algebroids. In particular, cleft exensions are identified as crossed products with invertible cocycles. The relationship between equivalence classes of crossed products and gauge transformations is established.