(Non-)Koszulness of operads for \(n\)-ary algebras, galgalim and other curiosities (Q897101)

Let \({\mathcal P}\) be a quadratic operad in the category of chain complexes over a field of characteristic zero and let \({\mathcal P}^!\) denote the Koszul dual of \({\mathcal P}\). Let \(\text{D}({\mathcal P})\) be the cobar construction of the component-wise linear dual to \({\mathcal P}\). We call a quadratic operad \({\mathcal P}\) Koszul if the natural map \(\text{D}({\mathcal P}) \to {\mathcal P}^!\) is a homology isomorphism. This paper investigates the Koszulness of quadratic operads, in particular, \(t{\mathcal Ass}_d^n\) the totally associative algebra, \(p{\mathcal Ass}_d^n\) the partially associative algebra, which are operads associated with an \(n\)-ary operation of degree \(d\), and their shifts. After considering the general theory of the Koszulness of operads, the main theorem in Section 5 explains (non-)Koszulness of the four quadratic operads mentioned above provided \(n\leq 7\). The authors use the Poincaré series of an operad and quadratic minimal models of Koszul operads as Koszulness tests. In the last section, open problems on the Koszulness of operads of the four types are discussed.