On some Lie bialgebra structures on polynomial algebras and their quantization (Q946517)

\textit{A. A. Belavin} and \textit{V. Drinfeld} studied non-degenerate solutions of the classical Yang-Baxter equation for simple complex Lie algebras \(G\) [Funct. Anal. Appl. 16, 159--180 (1983); translation from Funkts. Anal. Prilozh. 16, No. 3, 1--29 (1982; Zbl 0504.22016)]. They came in three types: rational, trigonometric and elliptic (the last type exists only for \(\text{sl}(n)\)). Rational solutions provide Lie bialgebra structures on the polynomial Lie algebra \(G[u]\). Trigonometric solutions are of the form \(Y(e^k(u-v))\), where \(Y\) is a \(G\) tensor \(G\)-valued rational function and \(k\) is a constant. This provides a Lie bialgebra structure on \(G[z,z^{-1}]\) (where \(z=e^k(u-v)\)), but not in general on \(G[z]\). The main aim of the paper under review is to find a set of solutions (called quasi-trigonometric) which will yield Lie bialgebra structures on \(G[u]\). These are solutions \(X\) of the form \(X(u,v)=vC/(u-v)+p(u,v)\), where \(p(u,v)\) is a polynomial with coefficients in \(G\) tensor \(G\), and \(C\) is the quadratic Casimir element of \(G\). In an appendix, it is shown that in such an \(X(u,v)\), there is a holomorphic transformation and a change of variables such that \(X(u,v)\) becomes trigonometric in the sense of Belavin and Drinfeld. The study of the Lie bialgebra structures given by quasi-trigonometric solutions is based on the description of the classical double \((G[u],G[u]^*)\). F. Montaner and E. Zelmanov showed that any Lie bialgebra structure on \(G[u]\) is one of four types. The two that are relevant here are \(G((u^{-1}))\) and \((G((u^{-1})),G)\), where \(G((u^{-1}))\) is \(G\) tensor the quotient field of the formal complex power series in \(u^{-1}\). The authors show that all quasi-trigonometric solutions induce the same classical double \((G((u^{-1})),G)\). They construct a one-to-one correspondence of such solutions and a class of Lagrangian subalgebras of \((G((u^{-1})),G)\), and this is related to the vertices of the extended Dynkin diagram of \(G\). This allows a classification of the quasi-trigonometric solutions which correspond to multiplicity free roots. This uses Manin triples for reductive Lie algebras. The second part of the paper gives a quantization scheme for some of the Lie bialgebra structures on \(G[u]\) for \(G=\text{sl}(n)\). The quantization is given by an explicit construction of the corresponding twist, i.e., the corresponding Hopf algebra is isomorphic to \(U_q(G[u])\) with twisted comultiplication, where \(U_q(G[u])\) is a certain subalgebra of the quantum affine algebra \(U_q(G)\). This uses nontrivial embeddings of certain Hopf subalgebras of \(U_q(\text{sl}(n+1))\) into \(U_q(\text{sl}(n))\). These Hopf subalgebras are called seaweed algebras, and were studied by \textit{V. Dergachev} and \textit{A. A. Kirillov} [J. Lie Theory 10, No. 2, 331--343 (2000; Zbl 0980.17001)].