Noncommutative biorthogonal polynomials

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Abstract: The idea of orthogonal polynomials has been generalized in two ways to achieve new types of polynomials: noncommutative orthogonal polynomials and biorthogonal polynomials. This paper brings these two different generalizations together to present a completely algebraic definition of noncommutative biorthogonal polynomials. It then goes on to obtain recurrence relations for some types of biorthogonal polynomials and concludes with a broad extension of Favard's theorem.


In this paper biorthogonal sequences of polynomials over noncommutative rings are defined and studied, generalizing previous treatments of biorthogonal polynomials over commutative rings and of orthogonal polynomials over noncommutative rings. A biorthogonal family consists of two sequences of polynomials \(\{ p_n(x) \}\) and \(\{ q_n(y) \}\), over a division ring \(R\), along with a function \(<\;. \;, \;. \;> \;: R [ x ] \times R [ y ] \rightarrow R\) such that \(<p_n(x), q_m(y) >\;= 0\) for all \(n \not= m\). Using this definition, recurrence relations for specific cases of biorthogonal polynomials are obtained. Moreover, a broad extension of Favard's theorem is proven.











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