On the representation of integers by binary forms

DOI10.1007/S00208-019-01855-YMaRDI QIDQ5919621zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors C. L. Stewart, Stanley Yao Xiao

Publication date 12 September 2019

Published in Mathematische Annalen (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1605.03427

zbMATH Keywords

binary formsnumber of points represented by binary forms

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Counting solutions of Diophantine equations (11D45) Thue-Mahler equations (11D59) Forms of degree higher than two (11E76)

Abstract: Let $F$ be a binary form with integer coefficients, non-zero discriminant and degree $d$ with $d$ at least $3$. Let $R_F(Z)$ denote the number of integers of absolute value at most $Z$ which are represented by $F$. We prove that there is a positive number $C_F$ such that $R_F(Z)$ is asymptotic to $C_F{Z}^{frac2d}$.

Review text

Let \(F\) be a binary form with integer coefficients, non-zero discriminant and degree \(d\ge 3\). Denote by \(R_F(Z)\) the number of integers of absolute value at most \(Z\) which are represented by \(F\). There is an extensive literature, going back to the foundational works of Fermat, Lagrange, Legendre, Gauss and Landau concerning the growth of \(R_F(Z)\). \textit{P. Erdős} and \textit{K. Mahler} [J. Lond. Math. Soc. 13, 134--139 (1938; Zbl 0018.34401)] proved that if \(F\) is irreducible then \[ R_F(Z)\geq c_1 Z^{2/d}. \] \textit{C. Hooley} [J. Reine Angew. Math. 226, 30--87 (1967; Zbl 0163.04605)] determined the asymptotic growth rate of \(R_F(Z)\) when \(F\) is an irreducible binary cubic form. In later papers C. Hooley dealt also with the cases when the discriminant is a perfect square, or \(F(x, y) = ax^d +by^d\) with \(d\ge 3\). In the present paper the authors give a general approach and among others prove the following theorem:\par Let \(F\) be a binary form with integer coefficients, non-zero discriminant and degree \(d\ge 3\). Let \(\varepsilon \geq 0\). There exists a positive number \(C_F\) such that \[ R_F(Z)=C_F Z^{2/d}+O_{F,\varepsilon}(Z^{\beta_F+\varepsilon}) \] where \(\beta_F\) is explicitly given.

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