Phase transition in loop percolation

DOI10.1007/S00440-015-0624-XMaRDI QIDQ267029zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Yinshan Chang, Artem Sapozhnikov

Publication date 7 April 2016

Published in Zeitschrift für Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie und Verwandte Gebiete (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1403.5687

zbMATH Keywords

integer latticeloop percolationphase transition

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Markov chains (discrete-time Markov processes on discrete state spaces) (60J10) Interacting random processes; statistical mechanics type models; percolation theory (60K35)

Abstract: We are interested in the clusters formed by a Poisson ensemble of Markovian loops on infinite graphs. This model was introduced and studied in [LeJ12] and [LL12]. It is a model with long range correlations with two parameters $alpha$ and $kappa$. The non-negative parameter $alpha$ measures the amount of loops, and $kappa$ plays the role of killing on vertices penalizing ($kappa>0$) or favoring ($kappa<0$) appearance of large loops. It was shown in [LL12] that for any fixed $kappa$ and large enough $alpha$, there exists an infinite cluster in the loop percolation on $mathbb{Z}^d$. In the present article, we show a non-trivial phase transition on the integer lattice $mathbb{Z}^d$ ($dgeq3$) for $kappa=0$. More precisely, we show that there is no loop percolation for $kappa=0$ and $alpha$ small enough. Interestingly, we observe a critical like behavior on the whole sub-critical domain of $alpha$, namely, for $kappa=0$ and any sub-critical value of $alpha$, the probability of one-arm event decays at most polynomially. For $dgeq5$, we prove that there exists a non-trivial threshold for the finiteness of the expected cluster size. For $alpha$ below this threshold, we calculate, up to a constant factor, the decay of the probability of one-arm event, two point function, and the tail distribution of the cluster size. These rates are comparable with the ones obtained from a single large loop and only depend on the dimension. For $d=3$ or $4$, we give better lower bounds on the decay of the probability of one-arm event, which show importance of small loops for long connections. In addition, we show that the one-arm exponent in dimension $3$ depends on the intensity $alpha$. [LeJ12] Y. Le Jan, Amas de lacets markoviens, C. R. Math. Acad. Sci. Paris 350 (2012), no.13-14, 643-646. [LL12] Y. Le Jan and S. Lemaire, Markovian loop clusters on graphs, arXiv.org:1211.0300

Review text

The authors consider a model of loops on an arbitrary graph where the probability of the occurence of an ensemble of loops depends on two parameters: \(\kappa\) (which controls the length of the loops) and \(\alpha\) (which controls the number of loops). They consider the problem of percolation for this loop ensemble when the graph is \(\mathbb{Z}^d\). For \(d \geq 3\), they show the existence of a phase transition in the \(\alpha, \kappa\) parameter space. That is, they show that there is a critical curve \(\kappa = \kappa_c(\alpha)\) such that there exists an infinite cluster on one side of the curve, and only finite-sized clusters on the other side. They also present detailed estimates on the size of the clusters in the sub-critical regime.

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Cited in

(22)

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