Glauber dynamics of the random energy model. I: Metastable motion on the extreme states
This paper is the first part of a rigorous study of the Glauber dynamics for the so-called Random Energy Model (REM). This mean-field model has been introduced as a paradigm to study spin-glass disordered systems, which complex behavior has been predicted by physicists. On the hypercube \(\mathcal{S}_N=\{-1,+1\}^N\), the random Gibbs measures associated to i.i.d. normal random variables \(X_\sigma, \sigma \in \mathcal{S}_N\) (with \(\mathbb{E}_\sigma= X_\sigma;v; 0\)) is defined at inverse temperature \(\beta\) via weights \(\mu_{\beta,N}(\sigma)\) proportional to a Boltzmann factor \(e^{\beta \sqrt{N} E_\sigma}\). A phase transition occurs at \(\beta_c=\sqrt{2 \ln{2}}\) with the following behavior : for \(\beta \leq \beta_c\), the Gibbs measures are asymptotically supported on the set of states \(\sigma\) such that \(\sigma\) is of the order of \(\sqrt{N} \beta\) and no single configuration has a positive mass, while in the uniqueness regime (\(\beta > \beta_c\)), the Gibbs measure gives positive mass to the extreme statistics of the family \(\sigma\) and the entire family of masses converges in a suitable sense to a random process called Ruelle's point process. Together with its companion paper [Commun. Math. Phys. 236, No. 1, 1--54 (2003; Zbl 1037.82035)], this paper studied precisely this low temperature regime in order to describe mathematically the occurrence of an aging phenomenon, as predicted by theoretical physicists. This description uses a discrete time Glauber dynamics of the REM : starting from an a priori (random) distribution of the configuration \(\sigma\), one moves according to a random Markov chain in such way that the invariant measure is the Gibbs measure itself. This first paper describes how the process eventually moves to and between the states of extremal energies. In this complex disordered system, this costs to control the behavior of a Markov chain on a very complicated asymptotically infinite subset of its ``most recurrent or ``most stable states on appropriate time scales. The REM is thus considered as a complicated random walk on the hypercube between the most profound traps and written as a jump process. According to physicists' predictions it is obvious that this process jumps with the uniform distribution on the extremal states, and that the time between the visit of two extreme points is asymptotically exponentially distributed. This last property is interpreted as an ageing phenomena (infinite states communicate at the same time scale) and is the subject of the second paper. These two papers provide a first mathematical description of these results in a weak asymptotic form enough to prove the emergence of a non-Markovian limit ultimately responsible for ageing in agreement with another paradigm, the so-called Bouchaud's trap model (and in a similar way). The first paper focuses on the weak asymptotic form and adapts metastability techniques in stochastic dynamics of disordered systems. The sequence of visits on the selected set of the states of lowest energy is described asymptotically by a simple discrete time Markov chain on this set which jumps from one point to the next with the uniform distribution in a similar way as in Bouchaud's model. Two more questions are considered: the mean entrance time and entrance law in the extreme set, and mean entrance time between points of this set (which depend only of the starting point). In the low temperature regime, this mean time to reach appears to be proportional to the smallest waiting time of this set. The proof uses an adaptation of recent analysis of metastability in similar Markov chains by one of the authors, with a different and careful treatment of the time scales, where different choices distinguish ageing from metastability: for the ageing phenomenon, infinite states communicate at the same time scale without any gap between favourite and non favourite sites, while long metastable time scales were assumed to be well separated from the shortest time scales on which the process may stay away. According to the authors, the general methodology developed could be of use in many other contexts of the dynamics of complex systems.
- A random energy model for size dependence: Recurrence vs. transience
- Glauber dynamics of the random energy model. II: Aging below the critical temperature.
- Dynamical freezing in a spin glass system with logarithmic correlations
- An asymptotic maximum principle for essentially linear evolution models
- A dynamical phase transition in a caricature of a spin glass
- Convergence of clock processes in random environments and ageing in the \(p\)-spin SK model
- Aging of asymmetric dynamics on the random energy model
- Asymptotic behavior and aging of a low temperature cascading 2-GREM dynamics at extreme time scales
- Bounding flows for spherical spin glass dynamics
- Convergence time to equilibrium of the Metropolis dynamics for the GREM
- On the spectral gap of spherical spin glass dynamics
- Abrupt convergence and escape behavior for birth and death chains
- Aging in metropolis dynamics of the REM: a proof
- The K-process on a tree as a scaling limit of the GREM-like trap model
- Spectral characterization of aging: the REM-like trap model
- Convergence of clock processes and aging in Metropolis dynamics of a truncated REM
- Asymptotic behavior of a low-temperature non-cascading 2-GREM dynamics at extreme time scales
- Metastable states, quasi-stationary distributions and soft measures
- Universality and extremal aging for dynamics of spin glasses on subexponential time scales
- Concentration of the clock process normalisation for the metropolis dynamics of the REM
- Dynamic phase diagram of the REM
- Metastability and ageing in stochastic dynamics
- Hitting time of large subsets of the hypercube
- Another view on aging in the REM
- Aging and quenched localization for one-dimensional random walks in random environment in the sub-ballistic regime
- The number of metastable states in the generalized random orthogonal model
- Sub-Gaussian bound for the one-dimensional Bouchaud trap model
- Numerical evidences of universal trap-like aging dynamics
- Aging of the Metropolis dynamics on the random energy model
- Maximum-energy records in glassy energy landscapes
- Glassy dynamics on networks: local spectra and return probabilities
- Dynamics of mean field spin glasses on short and long timescales
- Bouchaud's model exhibits two different aging regimes in dimension one
- Phase transition for the speed of the biased random walk on the supercritical percolation cluster
- Universality of random energy model-like ageing in mean field spin glasses
- Spectral analysis of the quantum random energy model
- Convergence to fractional kinetics for random walks associated with unbounded conductances
- Scaling limits of the Bouchaud and Dean trap model on Parisi's tree in ergodic and aging time scales
- Trajectory phase transitions in non-interacting systems: all-to-all dynamics and the random energy model
- Metastability in Glauber dynamics for heavy-tailed spin glasses
- Aging in two-dimensional Bouchaud's model
- The behaviour of aging functions in one-dimensional Bouchaud's trap model
- Gibbs sampling, exponential families and orthogonal polynomials
- K-processes, scaling limit and aging for the trap model in the complete graph
- Universality of the REM for dynamics of mean-field spin glasses
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