Density dependent replicator-mutator models in directed evolution

Positive solutions to PDEs (35B09) Asymptotic behavior of solutions to PDEs (35B40) Initial value problems for second-order parabolic equations (35K15) Integro-partial differential equations (35R09) General biology and biomathematics (92B05)

Abstract: We analyze a replicator-mutator model arising in the context of directed evolution [23], where the selection term is modulated over time by the mean-fitness. We combine a Cumulant Generating Function approach [13] and a spatio-temporal rescaling related to the Avron-Herbst formula [1] to give of a complete picture of the Cauchy problem. Besides its well-posedness, we provide an implicit/explicit expression of the solution, and analyze its large time behaviour. As a by product, we also solve a replicator-mutator model where the mutation coefficient is socially determined, in the sense that it is modulated by the mean-fitness. The latter model reveals concentration or anti diffusion/diffusion phenomena.

Review text

The Cauchy problem for the following parabolic equation is studied \[ \begin{cases} u_{t}(t,x)=\sigma^2\,u_{x x}(t,x)+u(t,x)\,\big(x-\overline{u}(t)\big)\,\big(\overline{u}(t)\big)^{-1},\quad t>0,\,\,x\in\mathbb{R},\\ u(0,x)=u_0(x),\quad x\in \mathbb{R}, \end{cases}\tag{1} \] where \(\displaystyle\overline{u}=\int_{\mathbb{R}} xu(t,x)\,dx\). This is the mathematical replicator-mutator model of a bioligical directed evolution process which is density-dependent. Here \(u(t,\cdot)\) means the probability density on \(\mathbb{R}\) and \(\overline{u}\) is its mean. Denote by \(\mathcal{A}\) the set of non-negative functions \(f\in L^1(\mathbb{R})\) such that \(\displaystyle\int_{\mathbb{R}}f(x)\,dx=1\) and \(\displaystyle\lim\limits_{x\to\pm \infty}\,f(x) e^{\alpha |x|}=0\), for \(\alpha>0\) \((\star)\). The function \(u\) is defined as a solution of the Problem (1) if: (i) \(u\in C^{\infty} \big((0,\infty)\times \mathbb{R}\big)\); \,(ii) \(u(t,\cdot)\in \mathcal{A}\) for all \(t\ge 0\);\, (iii) for all \(t>0\), \(u_t(t,\cdot), u_x(t,\cdot)\) and \(u_{x x}(t,\cdot)\) decrease faster than any exponential function in the sense of \((\star)\); \, (iv) \(u\) solves (1) in the classical sense; (v)\ \(u(t,\cdot)\to u_0\) in \(L^1(\mathbb{R})\), as \(t\to 0\). The authors prove the existence of a unique global solution to the problem (1) for any \(u_0\in\mathcal{A}\) and they give an implicit formula to determine the mean \(\overline{u}\). Also, they establish the large time behavior of \(\overline{u}\). Having these results, the authors establish the well-posedness and the long time behavior of the solution to the following Cauchy problem \[ \begin{cases} v_{t}(t,x)=\sigma^2\,\overline{v}(t)\,v_{xx}(t,x)+v(t,x)\,\big(x-\overline{v}(t)\big),\quad t>0,\,\,x\in\mathbb{R},\\ v(0,x)=v_0(x),\quad x\in \mathbb{R}. \end{cases} \]

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