Arithmetic representations of fundamental groups. I.

DOI10.1007/S00222-018-0810-4MaRDI QIDQ1989465zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Daniel Litt

Publication date 26 October 2018

Published in Inventiones Mathematicae (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1708.06827

zbMATH Keywords

arithmetic representationfundamental groupunipotentweight

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Galois representations (11F80) Étale and other Grothendieck topologies and (co)homologies (14F20) Homotopy theory and fundamental groups in algebraic geometry (14F35)

Abstract: Let $X$ be a normal algebraic variety over a finitely generated field $k$ of characteristic zero, and let $ell$ be a prime. Say that a continuous $ell$-adic representation $ho$ of $$ is arithmetic if there exists a representation $ildeho$ of a finite index subgroup of $p{i}_1^{ext\text{'}et}(X)$, with $ho$ a subquotient of $$. We show that there exists an integer $N=N(X,ell)$ such that every nontrivial, semisimple arithmetic representation of $$ is nontrivial mod $el{l}^N$. As a corollary, we prove that any nontrivial semisimple representation of $$, which arises from geometry, is nontrivial mod $el{l}^N$.

Review text

By analyzing the Galois action on the étale fundamental group, the author studies continuous \(\ell\)-adic representations of the geometric fundamental group of a variety \(X\) over a field \(k\) \[\rho: \pi^{\text{ét}}_1(X_{\bar{k}},\bar{x}) \to \mathrm{GL}(\mathbb{Z}_{\ell}) \] which arise from geometry. Let \(X\) be a geometrically connected variety over a field \(k\), \(\bar{x}\) a geometric point, and \(\ell\) a prime. A representation \(\rho\) is arithmetic if it is a subquotient of a representation \[ \tilde{\rho}: \pi^{\text{ét}}_1(X_{k'},\bar{x}) \to \mathrm{GL}(\mathbb{Z}_{\ell}) \] where \(k'\) is a finite extension of \(k\). It is geometric if it is a subquotient of the monodromy representation \[ \pi^{\text{ét}}_1(X_{\bar{k}},\bar{x}) \to \mathrm{GL}((R^i\pi_*\underline{\mathbb{Z}_{\ell}})_{\bar{x}}) \] for some smooth proper morphism \(\pi: Y \to X\) and some integer \(i\geq 0\). Moreover, if \(X\) is normal and \(k\) is finitely generated of characteristic zero, the main theorems claim that there exists a positive integer \(N=N(X,\ell)\) such that any arithmetic (resp. geometric) representation which is trivial mod \(\ell^N\) is unipotent (resp. trivial). The strategy to study the action of \(\mathrm{Gal}(\bar{k}/k)\) on \(\pi^{\text{ét}}_1(X_{\bar{k}},\bar{x})\) is anabelian methods, and these technical results are the main ingredients of the proof. For Part II, see [the author, Duke Math. J. 170, No. 8, 1851-1897 (2021; Zbl 07369863)].

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Cited in

(15)

• Integral representations of unramified Galois groups and matrix divisors over number fields
• Local constancy in families of non-abelian Galois representation
• Arithmetic representations of fundamental groups. II: Finiteness
• Level structure, arithmetic representations, and noncommutative Siegel linearization
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• Semisimplicity of the Frobenius action on \(\pi_1\)

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