A unified algebraic underpinning for the Hahn polynomials and rational functions

DOI10.1016/J.JMAA.2020.124863MaRDI QIDQ1996156zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Luc Vinet, Alexei Zhedanov

Publication date 3 March 2021

Published in Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.05905

zbMATH Keywords

biorthogonal rational functionsHahn polynomialsquadratic algebras

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Orthogonal polynomials and functions of hypergeometric type (Jacobi, Laguerre, Hermite, Askey scheme, etc.) (33C45) Connections of hypergeometric functions with groups and algebras, and related topics (33C80)

Abstract: An algebra denoted $mmathfrakH$ with three generators is introduced and shown to admit embeddings of the Hahn algebra and the rational Hahn algebra. It has a real version of the deformed Jordan plane as a subalgebra whose connection with Hahn polynomials is established. Representation bases corresponding to eigenvalue or generalized eigenvalue problems involving the generators are considered. Overlaps between these bases are shown to be bispectral orthogonal polynomials or biorthogonal rational functions thereby providing a unified description of these functions based on $mmathfrakH$. Models in terms of differential and difference operators are used to identify explicitly the underlying special functions as Hahn polynomials and rational functions and to determine their characterizations. An embedding of $mmathfrakH$ in $mathcalU(mathfrak{sl}_2)$ is presented. A Pad'e approximation table for the binomial function is obtained as a by-product.

Review text

The authors introduce some algebra \(\mathfrak{mh}\) with 3 generators in which the so-called Hahn and rational Hahn algebra can be embedded; these Hahn algebras were introduced by Granovsky, Lutzenko, Tsujimoto, and the authors in several papers. The authors present representation bases of \(\mathfrak{mh}\) associated (generalized) eigenvalues of operators which are related to the 3 generators of \(\mathfrak{mh}\). This leads to connections with bispectral orthogonal polynomials and rational functions. Moreover, suitable differential and difference operators show that the underlying special functions are in fact Hahn polynomials. Furthermore, an embedding of \(\mathfrak{mh}\) into \(\mathfrak{U(sl_2)}\) is given.

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Cited in

(17)

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