Multiplicity-induced-dominancy for delay-differential equations of retarded type

DOI10.1016/J.JDE.2021.03.003MaRDI QIDQ2020111zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Guilherme Mazanti, Islam Boussaada, Silviu-Iulian Niculescu

Publication date 23 April 2021

Published in Journal of Differential Equations (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2002.06128

time-delay functional-differential equation, stability, confluent hypergeometric function

Applications of hypergeometric functions (33C90) Linear functional-differential equations (34K06) Stability theory of functional-differential equations (34K20) Control problems for functional-differential equations (34K35) Stabilization of systems by feedback (93D15)

Abstract: An important question of ongoing interest for linear time-delay systems is to provide conditions on its parameters guaranteeing exponential stability of solutions. Recent works have explored spectral techniques to show that, for some low-order delay-differential equations of retarded type, spectral values of maximal multiplicity are dominant, and hence determine the asymptotic behavior of the system, a property known as multiplicity-induced-dominancy. This work further explores such a property and shows its validity for general linear delay-differential equations of retarded type of arbitrary order including a single delay in the system's representation. More precisely, an interesting link between characteristic functions with a real root of maximal multiplicity and Kummer's confluent hypergeometric functions is exploited. We also provide examples illustrating our main result.

Review text

Consider a delay equation of the form \[ y^{(n)}(t)+\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}a_ky^{(k)}(t)+ \sum_{k=0}^{n-1}\alpha_k y^{(k)}(t-\tau)=0 \] with real coefficients and \(\tau>0\). The related characteristic function is defined as \[ \Delta(s)=s^n+\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}a_k+ e^{-s\tau}\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}\alpha_ks^k. \] Let \(s_0\in\mathbb{R}\). It is obtained a criterion for \(s_0\) to be a root of multiplicity \(2n\) of \(\Delta(s)\). The conditions for \(s_0\) to be a strictly dominant root are proved. If \(s_0\) is a root of multiplicity \(2n\) of \(\Delta(s)\), then the trivial solution is exponentially stable if \(a_{n-1}>-n^2/\tau\). Some applications for linear control systems are given.

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