On the Lorenz '96 model and some generalizations

DOI10.3934/DCDSB.2021064zbMATH Open1492.34055arXiv2005.07767OpenAlexW3135683115MaRDI QIDQ2069734FDOQ2069734

Authors: John Kerin, Hans Engler 

Publication date: 21 January 2022

Published in: Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems. Series B (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: In 1996, Edward Lorenz introduced a system of ordinary differential equations that describes a single scalar quantity as it evolves on a circular array of sites, undergoing forcing, dissipation, and rotation invariant advection. Lorenz constructed the system as a test problem for numerical weather prediction. Since then, the system has also found widespread use as a test case in data assimilation. Mathematically, it belongs to a class of dynamical systems with a single bifurcation parameter (rescaled forcing) that undergoes multiple bifurcations and exhibits chaotic behavior for large forcing. In this paper, the main characteristics of the advection term in the model are identified and used to describe and classify a number of possible generalizations of the system. A graphical method to study the bifurcation behavior of constant solutions is introduced, and it is shown how to use the rotation invariance to compute normal forms of the system analytically. Problems with site-dependent forcing, dissipation, or advection are considered and basic existence and stability results are proved for these extensions. We address some related topics in the appendices, wherein the Lorenz '96 system in Fourier space is considered, explicit solutions for some advection-only systems are found, and it is demonstrated how to use advection-only systems to assess numerical schemes.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.07767

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zbMATH Keywords

Hopf bifurcationnormal formNeimark-Sacker bifurcationequivariant dynamical systemLorenz-96 model

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Qualitative investigation and simulation of ordinary differential equation models (34C60) Topological structure of integral curves, singular points, limit cycles of ordinary differential equations (34C05) Symmetries, invariants of ordinary differential equations (34C14) Transformation and reduction of ordinary differential equations and systems, normal forms (34C20) Bifurcation theory for ordinary differential equations (34C23) Meteorology and atmospheric physics (86A10)

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• Symmetries in the Lorenz-96 model
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• Predictability of extreme waves in the Lorenz-96 model near intermittency and quasi-periodicity
• Travelling waves and their bifurcations in the Lorenz-96 model
• Standing Swells Surveyed Showing Surprisingly Stable Solutions for the Lorenz '96 Model

Cited In (6)

• A binary approach to the Lorenz model
• Standing Swells Surveyed Showing Surprisingly Stable Solutions for the Lorenz '96 Model
• A recurrence analysis of chaotic and non-chaotic solutions within a generalized nine-dimensional Lorenz model
• A computational strategy for multiscale systems with applications to Lorenz 96 model
• Application of normal forms to the Lorenz model in the subcritical region
• Symmetries in the Lorenz-96 model

Uses Software

• LSODA
• deSolve
• diffEq

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