Observable sets, potentials and Schrödinger equations

DOI10.1007/S00220-022-04454-2zbMATH Open1501.93020arXiv2003.11263OpenAlexW4286213052MaRDI QIDQ2090434FDOQ2090434

Authors: Shanlin Huang, Ming Wang, Gengsheng Wang 

Publication date: 25 October 2022

Published in: Communications in Mathematical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We characterize observable sets for 1-dim Schr"{o}dinger equations in $mathbbR$: $ipartia{l}_{t}u=(-partia{l}_x^2+x^{2m})u$ (with $minmathbbN:=0,1,dots$). More precisely, we obtain what follows: First, when $m=0$, $EsubsetmathbbR$ is an observable set at some time if and only if it is thick, namely, there is $gamma>0$ and $L>0$ so that ${\displaystyle }$ left|E �igcap [x, x+ L] ight|geq gamma L;;mbox{for each};;xin mathbb{R}; ${\displaystyle }$ Second, when $m=1$ ($mgeq2$ resp.), $E$ is an observable set at some time (at any time resp. ) if and only if it is weakly thick, namely ${\displaystyle }$ varliminf_{x ightarrow +infty} frac{|E�igcap [-x, x]|}{x} >0. ${\displaystyle }$ From these, we see how potentials $x^{2m}$ affect the observability (including the geometric structures of observable sets and the minimal observable time). Besides, we obtain several supplemental theorems for the above results, in particular, we find that a half line is an observable set at time $T>0$ for the above equation with $m=1$ if and only if $T>fracpi2$.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.11263

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zbMATH Keywords

observable setsSchrödinger equations

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Schrödinger operator, Schrödinger equation (35J10) Observability (93B07) Control/observation systems governed by partial differential equations (93C20)

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Cited In (10)

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• Unique continuation inequalities for Schrödinger equation on Riemannian symmetric spaces of noncompact type
• Approximate Null-Controllability with Uniform Cost for the Hypoelliptic Ornstein–Uhlenbeck Equations
• Observability results related to fractional Schrödinger operators
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