Unstable kink and anti-kink profile for the sine-Gordon equation on a Y -junction graph

DOI10.1007/S00209-021-02899-0MaRDI QIDQ2114173zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Jaime Angulo Pava, Ramón G. Plaza

Publication date 15 March 2022

Published in Mathematische Zeitschrift (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.02173

\( \delta^{\prime}\)-type interaction extension theory instability metric graphs perturbation theory sine-Gordon model tail and bump solutions

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Perturbations in context of PDEs (35B20) Stability in context of PDEs (35B35) Semilinear elliptic equations (35J61) Soliton equations (35Q51) KdV equations (Korteweg-de Vries equations) (35Q53) PDEs on graphs and networks (ramified or polygonal spaces) (35R02) Linear symmetric and selfadjoint operators (unbounded) (47B25) General theory of ordinary differential operators (47E05)

Abstract: The sine-Gordon equation on a metric graph with a structure represented by a

m a t h c a l Y

-junction, is considered. The model is endowed with boundary conditions at the graph-vertex of

d e l t a^{'}

-interaction type, expressing continuity of the derivatives of the wave functions plus a Kirchhoff-type rule for the self-induced magnetic flux. It is shown that particular stationary, kink and kink/anti-kink soliton profile solutions to the model are linearly (and nonlinearly) unstable. To that end, a recently developed linear instability criterion for evolution models on metric graphs by Angulo and Cavalcante (2020), which provides the sufficient conditions on the linearized operator around the wave to have a pair of real positive/negative eigenvalues, is applied. This leads to the spectral study to the linearize operator and of its Morse index. The analysis is based on analytic perturbation theory, Sturm-Liouville oscillation results and the extension theory of symmetric operators. The methods presented in this manuscript have prospect for the study of the dynamic of solutions for the sine-Gordon model on metric graphs with finite bounds or on metric tree graphs and/or loop graphs.

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