Asymptotic stability of the sine-Gordon kink under odd perturbations
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Publication:6143364
Abstract: We establish the asymptotic stability of the sine-Gordon kink under odd perturbations that are sufficiently small in a weighted Sobolev norm. Our approach is perturbative and does not rely on the complete integrability of the sine-Gordon model. Key elements of our proof are a specific factorization property of the linearized operator around the sine-Gordon kink, a remarkable non-resonance property exhibited by the quadratic nonlinearity in the Klein-Gordon equation for the perturbation, and a variable coefficient quadratic normal form introduced in [52]. We emphasize that the restriction to odd perturbations does not bypass the effects of the odd threshold resonance of the linearized operator. Our techniques have applications to soliton stability questions for several well-known non-integrable models, for instance, to the asymptotic stability problem for the kink of the model as well as to the conditional asymptotic stability problem for the solitons of the focusing quadratic and cubic Klein-Gordon equations in one space dimension.
The sine-Gordon equation \[ \partial_t^2\phi-\partial_x^2 \phi+\sin\phi=0 \] is one of the most important models in the theory of dispersive equations. It is known to be integrable, and many of its solutions are known explicitly, among them the kink \[ K(x)=4\arctan(e^{\,x}). \] The present paper deals with the asymptotic stability of the kink under odd perturbation which are initially small in a weighted Sobolev space. The main result is the \(L_x^\infty\) decay of \(u(t,x)=\phi(t,x)-K(x)\) at the rate \(t^{-1/2}\) for large \(t\). Moreover, a precise first order asymptotic profile is described in the main theorem. The techniques of this paper rely largely on the dispersive estimates for the one dimensional flat Klein-Gordon equation. One of the the novel elements is the reduction of the linearized operator around the kink to the flat Klein-Gordon operator via factorization. Another is the resonance property of the coefficient \(a(x)\) of the crucial quadratic term, namely \(\hat a(\pm\sqrt{3})=0\), which allows to introduce a suitable normal form of the nonlinear equation. The main result of this paper is remarkable in that the oddnes of the perturbations does not avoid the threshold resonance of the linearized Klein-Gordon equation around the kink.
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(13)- Asymptotic expansion of the wobbling kink
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- On the Gross-Pitaevskii evolution linearized around the degree-one vortex
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