The nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a potential

DOI10.1016/J.ANIHPC.2017.12.002MaRDI QIDQ1669638zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors P. Germain, Fabio Pusateri, Frédéric Rousset

Publication date 3 September 2018

Published in Annales de l'Institut Henri Poincaré. Analyse Non Linéaire (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1704.00061

distorted Fourier transform generic potential global solution modified scattering nonlinear cubic Schrödinger equation scattering theory

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Resonance in context of PDEs (35B34) Asymptotic behavior of solutions to PDEs (35B40) Scattering theory for PDEs (35P25) NLS equations (nonlinear Schrödinger equations) (35Q55) Fourier and Fourier-Stieltjes transforms and other transforms of Fourier type (42A38)

Abstract: We consider the cubic nonlinear Schrodinger equation with a potential in one space dimension. Under the assumptions that the potential is generic, sufficiently localized, and does not have bound states, we obtain the long time asymptotic behavior of small solutions. In particular, we prove that, as time goes to infinity, solutions exhibit nonlinear phase corrections that depend on the scattering matrix associated to the potential. The proof of our result is based on the use of the distorted Fourier transform - the so-called Weyl-Kodaira-Titchmarsh theory -, a precise understanding of the "nonlinear spectral measure" associated to the equation, and nonlinear stationary phase arguments as well as multilinear estimates in this distorted setting.

Review text

The authors describe the long-time behavior of small solutions to the cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation: \(i\partial _{t}u-\partial _{x}^{2}u+Vu=\lambda \left| u\right| ^{2}u\) posed in \(\mathbb{R} \times \mathbb{R}\). The potential \(V\in W^{2,1}\cap L_{\gamma }^{1}\) (\( \gamma >6\)) is supposed to have no bound states and to be generic, that is \( \int_{\mathbb{R}}V(x)m(x)dx\neq 0\) where \(m\) is the unique solution of \( (-\partial _{x}^{2}+V)m=0\) which approaches 1 when \(x\) goes to \(+\infty \). Here \(L_{\gamma }^{1}=\{f:\left| x\right| ^{\gamma }f\in L^{1}\}\). The solution starts from an initial data \(u_{0}\in H^{3}\) which satisfies \( xu_{0}\in L^{2}\). The main result of the paper first proves the existence of a unique global solution which satisfies \(\sup_{t\in \mathbb{R}}\left\| u(t)\right\| _{L_{x}^{\infty }}\lesssim \varepsilon _{0}(1+\left| t\right| )^{-1/2}\) where \(\varepsilon _{0}=\left\| u_{0}\right\| _{H^{3}}+\left\| xu_{0}\right\| _{L^{2}}\), if \(\varepsilon _{0}\) is small enough. The authors also prove bounds on the distorted Fourier transform \(\widetilde{f}(t,k):=e^{-itk^{2}}\widetilde{u}(t,k)\) of the profile \(f(t,x):=e^{-it(\partial _{x}^{2}+V)}u(t,x)\), \(\widetilde{\phi }\) being defined through \(\widetilde{\phi }(k)=\int_{\mathbb{R}}\overline{\psi (x,k)}\phi (x)dx\) where \(\overline{\psi (x,k)}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi }} T(k)f_{+}(x,k)\) if \(k\geq 0\) and \(\overline{\psi (x,k)}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi } }T(-k)f_{-}(x,k)\) otherwise, \(T(k)\) being the reflection coefficients associated to \(V\) and \(f_{\pm }\) being the solutions of \((-\partial _{x}^{2}+V)f_{\pm }=k^{2}f_{\pm }\) in \(\mathbb{R}\) with \(f_{+}(x,k)\sim e^{ixk}\) as \(x\rightarrow \infty \) and \(f_{-}(x,k)\sim e^{-ixk}\) as \( x\rightarrow -\infty \). For the proof, the authors recall elements of the spectral theory of operators \(-\partial _{x}^{2}+V\) in \(\mathbb{R}\) and of the Weyl-Kodaira-Titschmarsh theory associated to the distorted Fourier transform. They build a representation of \(\widetilde{f}\) using a multilinear oscillatory integral that they analyze.

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