Conformal field theory at the lattice level: discrete complex analysis and Virasoro structure

DOI10.1007/S00220-022-04475-XMaRDI QIDQ2172801zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Clément Hongler, Kalle Kytölä, Fredrik Johansson Viklund

Publication date 16 September 2022

Published in Communications in Mathematical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1307.4104

zbMATH Keywords

conformal field theorylattice levelVirasoro structure

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Virasoro and related algebras (17B68) Infinite-dimensional groups and algebras motivated by physics, including Virasoro, Kac-Moody, (W)-algebras and other current algebras and their representations (81R10) Two-dimensional field theories, conformal field theories, etc. in quantum mechanics (81T40) Lattice systems (Ising, dimer, Potts, etc.) and systems on graphs arising in equilibrium statistical mechanics (82B20)

Abstract: Critical statistical mechanics and Conformal Field Theory (CFT) are conjecturally connected since the seminal work of Beliavin, Polyakov, and Zamolodchikov [BPZ84a]. Both exhibit exactly solvable structures in two dimensions. A long-standing question [ItTh87] concerns whether there is a direct link between these structures, that is, whether the Virasoro algebra representations of CFT, the distinctive feature of CFT in two dimensions, can be found within lattice models of statistical mechanics. We give a positive answer to this question for the discrete Gaussian free field and for the Ising model, by connecting the structures of discrete complex analysis in the lattice models with the Virasoro symmetry that is expected to describe their scaling limits. This allows for a tight connection of a number of objects from the lattice model world and the field theory one. In particular, our results link the CFT local fields with lattice local fields introduced in [GHP19] and the probabilistic formulation of the lattice model with the continuum correlation functions. Our construction is a decisive step towards establishing the conjectured correspondence between the correlation functions of the CFT fields and those of the lattice local fields. In particular, together with the upcoming [CHI19], our construction will complete the picture initiated in [HoSm13, Hon12, CHI15], where a number of conjectures relating specific Ising lattice fields and CFT correlations were proven.

Review text

The authors of this study concentrate on two basic probabilistic lattice models: the discrete Gaussian free field (dGFF) and the Ising model. They consider lattice models to be precursors of field theories. The authors provide a quick overview of some essential concepts in Conformal field theory (CFT), particularly the Virasoro algebra. Let \(\mathcal{F}_{\mathcal{G}}\) denote the space of lattice local fields of the dGFF, modulo its null fields, and let \(\mathcal{F}_{\mathcal{I}}\) denote the space of lattice local fields of the critical Ising model, modulo its null fields. Informally, the paper's main theorem is as follows. Theorem. The Sugawara constructions of the Virasoro modes of the dGFF and of the critical Ising model can be naturally and exactly realized at the lattice level on the space \(\mathcal{F}_{\mathcal{G}}\) and \(\mathcal{F}_{\mathcal{I}}\) respectively, by considering discrete complex Laurent modes of the lattice current and lattice fermion, respectively. Then, for the dGFF and the Ising model, the authors implement the Virasoro mode operators \(L_n\), \(n\in \mathbb{Z}\), at the lattice level. For example, they prove that the operators \(\left(L^{G}_n\right)_{n\in \mathbb{Z}}\) form a representation of the Virasoro algebra with central charge \(c = 1\).

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Cited in

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