Persistence and spreading speeds of parabolic-elliptic Keller-Segel models in shifting environments

Abstract: The current paper is concerned with the persistence and spreading speeds of the following Keller-Segel chemoattraction system in shifting environments, �egin{equation}label{abstract-eq1} �egin{cases} u_t=u_{xx}-chi(uv_x)_x +u(r(x-ct)-bu),quad xinRcr 0=v_{xx}- u v+mu u,quad xinR, end{cases} end{equation} where

c h i

,

b

,

u

, and

m u

are positive constants, {

c i n R

},

r (x)

is H"older continuous, bounded,

r^{*} = s u p_{x i n R} r (x) > 0

,

r (p m i n f t y) := l i m_{x o p m i n f t y} r (x)

exist, and

r (x)

satisfies either

r (- i n f t y) < 0 < r (i n f t y)

, or

r (p m i n f t y) < 0

. Assume

b > c h i m u

and

. In the case that

r (- i n f t y) < 0 < r (i n f t y)

, it is shown that if the moving speed

c > c^{*} := 2 s q r t r^{*}

, then the species becomes extinct in the habitat. If the moving speed

- c^{*} l e q c < c^{*}

, then the species will persist and spread along the shifting habitat at the asymptotic spreading speed

c^{*}

. If the moving speed

c < - c^{*}

, then the species will spread in the both directions at the asymptotic spreading speed

c^{*}

. In the case that

r (p m i n f t y) < 0

, it is shown that if

| c | > c^{*}

, then the species will become extinct in the habitat. If

l a m b d a_{i n f t y}

, defined to be the generalized principle eigenvalue of the operator

u o u_{x x} + c u_{x} + r (x) u

, is negative and the degradation rate

u

of the chemo-attractant is grater than or equal to some number

u^{*}

, then the species will also become extinct in the habitat. If

l a m b d a_{i n f t y} > 0

, then the species will persist surrounding the good habitat.

Review text

In this paper, the authors consider the following parabolic-elliptic Keller-Segel system with sign changing birth rate \(r\): \[ \begin{cases} u_t=u_{xx}-\chi (uv_x)_x+u(r(x-ct)-bu), \\ 0=v_{xx}-vu+\mu u. \end{cases} \] The authors study the persistence, extinction and spreading speeds of species for two cases \begin{itemize} \item[(i)] \(r(-\infty)<0<r(+\infty)\), \(r(-\infty)\le r(x) \leq r(+\infty)\) for \(\forall x\); \item[(ii)] \(r(\pm\infty)<0\), \(\min\{r(+\infty), r(-\infty)\}\le r(x)\) for \(\forall x\). \end{itemize} In Case i), it is shown that the persistence and spreading dynamics depend on the speed \(c\) and spreading speed \(c^*\). More precisely, if \(c>c^*\), the species becomes extinct; if \(-c^*\le c<c^*\) then the species will persist and spread along the shifting habitat at the asymptotic spreading speed \(c^*\); if \(c<-c^*\) then the species will spread in the two directions at the asymptotic spreading speed \(c^*\). In Case ii), the persistence and spreading dynamics will be affected not only by the spreading speed \(c^*\), but also by the degradation rate of the chemo-attractant and eigenvalues of the operator \(u \to u_{xx}+cu_{x}+r(x)u\).

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