A tale of two vortices: how numerical ergodic theory and transfer operators reveal fundamental changes to coherent structures in non-autonomous dynamical systems

DOI10.3934/JCD.2020015MaRDI QIDQ2194428zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Chantelle Blachut, Cecilia González-Tokman

Publication date 26 August 2020

Published in Journal of Computational Dynamics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.07559

zbMATH Keywords

coherent structuresnonautonomous dynamical systemsnumerical ergodic theorytransfer operatorsUlam's method

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Functional analytic techniques in dynamical systems; zeta functions, (Ruelle-Frobenius) transfer operators, etc. (37C30) Random dynamical systems aspects of multiplicative ergodic theory, Lyapunov exponents (37H15) Computational methods for ergodic theory (approximation of invariant measures, computation of Lyapunov exponents, entropy, etc.) (37M25)

Abstract: Coherent structures are spatially varying regions which disperse minimally over time and organise motion in non-autonomous systems. This work develops and implements algorithms providing multilayered descriptions of time-dependent systems which are not only useful for locating coherent structures, but also for detecting time windows within which these structures undergo fundamental structural changes, such as merging and splitting events. These algorithms rely on singular value decompositions associated to Ulam type discretisations of transfer operators induced by dynamical systems, and build on recent developments in multiplicative ergodic theory. Furthermore, they allow us to investigate various connections between the evolution of relevant singular value decompositions and dynamical features of the system. The approach is tested on models of periodically and quasi-periodically driven systems, as well as on a geophysical dataset corresponding to the splitting of the Southern Polar Vortex.

Review text

The authors develop and implement singular value decomposition algorithms to provide multilayered descriptions of time-dependent systems. In numerical applications, infinite-dimensional transfer operators are approximated by finite-rank stochastic matrices. Further, these algorithms rely on singular value decompositions associated to Ulam-type discretisations of transfer operators induced by dynamical systems. The authors provide the following algorithms: (1) Forward time rolling windows and singular value decompositions; (2) Tracking modes through time with singular values; (3) Tracking modes through time using singular vectors; (4) Animating tracked modes over time, (5) Equivariance mismatch in forward time. For the Ulam scheme, all models seed 100 test points per bin and integrate the vector field using standard Runge-Kutta methods, interpolating linearly in space and time. The algorithms are tested on three models of periodically and quasi-periodically driven systems, as well as on a geophysical dataset corresponding to the splitting of the Southern Polar Vortex. The authors mention that, in all of these three cases, their methods provide important information regarding the location and the time windows within which coherent structures merge and/or separate in the presence of an underlying time-dependent and possibly chaotic flow.

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Cited in

(8)

• Computing covariant Lyapunov vectors in Hilbert spaces
• Geometry of the ergodic quotient reveals coherent structures in flows
• Multiplicative ergodic theorems for transfer operators: towards the identification and analysis of coherent structures in non-autonomous dynamical systems
• Detecting the birth and death of finite‐time coherent sets
• A patch in time saves nine: methods for the identification of localised dynamical behaviour and lifespans of coherent structures
• Lagrangian studies of coherent sets and heat transport in constant heat flux-driven turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection
• Optimal reconstruction of vector fields from data for prediction and uncertainty quantification
• An inflated dynamic Laplacian to track the emergence and disappearance of semi-material coherent sets

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• GAIO

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