Picard groups for tropical toric schemes

DOI10.1007/S00229-018-1062-8MaRDI QIDQ2326786zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Jaiung Jun, Kalina Mincheva, Jeffrey Tolliver

Publication date 10 October 2019

Published in Manuscripta Mathematica (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1709.03130

zbMATH Keywords

Cartier divisorsidempotent semiringPicard groupstropical schemes

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Ordered semigroups and monoids (06F05) Semifields (12K10) Picard groups (14C22) Geometric aspects of tropical varieties (14T20) Semirings (16Y60)

Abstract: From any monoid scheme $X$ (also known as an $mathbb{F}_1$-scheme) one can pass to a semiring scheme (a generalization of a tropical scheme) $X_S$ by scalar extension to an idempotent semifield $S$. We prove that for a given irreducible monoid scheme $X$ (satisfying some mild conditions) and an idempotent semifield $S$, the Picard group $Pic(X)$ of $X$ is stable under scalar extension to $S$ (and in fact to any field $K$). In other words, we show that the groups $Pic(X)$ and $Pic(X_S)$ (and $Pic(X_K)$) are isomorphic. In particular, if $X_{m}athbbC$ is a toric variety, then $Pic(X)$ is the same as the Picard group of the associated tropical scheme. The Picard groups can be computed by considering the correct sheaf cohomology groups. We also define the group $CaCl(X_S)$ of Cartier divisors modulo principal Cartier divisors for a cancellative semiring scheme $X_S$ and prove that $CaCl(X_S)$ is isomorphic to $Pic(X_S)$.

Review text

Given a variety over a valued field, one can tropicalize it and construct a combinatorial object. Originally, these tropical varieties are polyhedral complexes which inherit topology from \(\mathbb{R}^n\). \textit{J. Giansiracusa} and \textit{N. Giansiracusa} [Duke Math. J. 165, No. 18, 3379--3433 (2016; Zbl 1409.14100)] combined \(\mathbb{F}_1\)-geometry with the notion of bend loci to equip tropical varieties with scheme structure, and therefore, obtained tropical schemes. This paper investigates Picard groups of tropical schemes as a first step towards building scheme-theoretic tropical divisor theory which can lead to finding a scheme-theoretic tropical Riemann-Roch theorem. For monoid \(M\) one can pass from monoid scheme \(X = \text{Spec}\, M\) to scheme \(X_K = \text{Spec}\, K[M]\) by scalar extension to field \(K\). \textit{J. Flores} and \textit{C. Weibel} [J. Algebra 415, 247--263 (2014; Zbl 1314.14003)] show Picard groups \(\text{Pic} (X)\) and \(\text{Pic} (X_K)\) are isomorphic. The current paper proves this isomorphism in tropical setting: for irreducible monoid scheme \(X\) and idempotent semifield \(S\) Picard groups \(\text{Pic} (X)\) and \(\text{Pic} (X_S)\) are both isomorphic to certain sheaf cohomology groups, and hence, are isomorphic. They also construct the group \(\text{CaCl}\, (X_S)\) of Cartier divisors modulo principal Cartier divisors and show that \(\text{CaCl}\, (X_S)\) is isomorphic to \(\text{Pic} (X_S)\).

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Cited in

(5)

• The Picard group of a compact toric variety
• Vector bundles on tropical schemes
• Proto-exact categories of modules over semirings and hyperrings
• Tropical toric vector bundles
• Facets of module theory over semirings

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