Čech cohomology of semiring schemes

Abstract: A semiring scheme generalizes a scheme in such a way that the underlying algebra is that of semirings. We generalize v{C}ech cohomology theory and invertible sheaves to semiring schemes. In particular, when

X = m a t h b b P_{M}^{n}

, a projective space over a totally ordered idempotent semifield

M

, we show that v{C}ech cohomology theory is in agreement with the classical computation. Finally, we classify all invertible sheaves on

X = m a t h b b P_{M}^{n}

by computing the Picard group of

X

explicitly.

Review text

Given a semiring \(M\), there is a well defined notion of an affine semiring scheme \(X:=\mathrm{Spec}(M)\), canonically endowed with a structure sheaf \(\mathcal{O}_X\) of semirings. More generally, a semiring scheme is a locally semiring space which locally is isomorphic to an affine semiring scheme. It is well known that the opposite category of affine semiring schemes is equivalent the category of semirings, which generalizes the standard result in algebraic geometry. In this work, the author defines a Čech cohomology theory for semiring schemes with values on sheaves of semimodules. With this theory, he proves that given a semiring scheme \((X,\mathcal{O}_X)\) it follows that \(\check{\mathrm{H}}^0(X, \mathcal{O}_X)=\Gamma(X, \mathcal{O}_X)\) and \(\check{\mathrm{H}}^1(X, \mathcal{O}^\times_X)=\mathrm{Pic}(X)\). Finally as an example, the cohomology groups for the projective space \(X=\mathbb{P}^n_M\) over a totally ordered idempotent semifield \(M\) are computed. In this case it holds that \(\mathrm{Pic}(X)=\mathbb{Z}, \check{\mathrm{H}}^0(X, \mathcal{O}_X)=M, \check{\mathrm{H}}^k(X, \mathcal{O}_X)=0\) for \(k\geq 1\) and \(\check{\mathrm{H}}^n(X, \mathcal{O}_X(-n-1))=M\). An overview of the theory of semirings and semimodules is given in the Appendix A of the article.

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