The geometry of blueprints. I: Algebraic background and scheme theory

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Abstract: In this paper, we introduce the category of blueprints, which is a category of algebraic objects that include both commutative (semi)rings and commutative monoids. This generalization allows a simultaneous treatment of ideals resp. congruences for rings and monoids and leads to a common scheme theory. In particular, it bridges the gap between usual schemes and mathbbF1-schemes (after Kato, Deitmar and Connes-Consani). Beside this unification, the category of blueprints contains new interesting objects as "improved" cyclotomic field extensions mathbbF1n of mathbbF1 and "archimedean valuation rings". It also yields a notion of semiring schemes. This first paper lays the foundation for subsequent projects, which are devoted to the following problems: Tits' idea of Chevalley groups over mathbbF1, congruence schemes, sheaf cohomology, K-theory and a unified view on analytic geometry over mathbbF1, adic spaces (after Huber), analytic spaces (after Berkovich) and tropical geometry.




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