Extension of iterative roots

The paper gives a purely set--theoretical extension theorem on iterative roots, which generalizes the results about piecewiese monotonic functions proved by \textit{W. Zhang} et al. [J. Math. Anal. Appl. 386, No. 1, 75--82 (2012; Zbl 1368.65081)]. The main result is the following. Theorem. Let \(F:X \to X\) be given. Suppose there exists a nonempty set \(U_0 \subset X\) satisfying {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize}\item[(i)] \(F_{|{U_0}}\) is injective from \(U_0\) into itself; \item[(ii)] for every \(x \in X\), exists \(k \in \mathbb N\) such that \(F^k(x)\in U_0\); \item[(iii)] there exists a partition \(\{U_i\}_{i=0}^n\) of \(F^{-1}(U_0)\) such that \(F_i:=F_{|{U_i}}\) is injective and \((f_0\circ F_i)(U_i)\subset F(U_j)\) for \(0\leq i<j\leq n\) where \[ \begin{aligned} &U_1 \subset F^{-1}(U_0)\setminus U_0,\\ &U_i \subset F^{-1}(U_0)\setminus (U_0\cup U_1\cup \cdots \cup U_{i-1}),\\ &U_n=F^{-1}(U_0)\setminus (U_0\cup U_1\cup \cdots \cup U_{n-1}),\\ &U_{jn+i}=F^{-j}(U_i)\setminus (U_0\cup U_1\cup \cdots \cup U_{i-1}), \quad \quad i=1,2,\cdots,n-1, \quad j=1,2,\cdots\\ \end{aligned} \] and \(f_0\) is an n--th iterative root of \(F_0\). Then there exists an \(n\)-th iterative root of \(F:X \to X\), which is extended from \(f_0\). \end{itemize}} This result is then applied to a class of linear Markov maps.

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