A variational formula for the free energy of an interacting many-particle system

DOI10.1214/10-AOP565MaRDI QIDQ2431522zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Andrea Collevecchio, Stefan Adams, W. König

Publication date 15 April 2011

Published in The Annals of Probability (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1003.1393

zbMATH Keywords

free energyBrownian bridgevariational formulasymmetrized distributioninteracting many-particle systems, Bose-Einstein condensationlarge deviations, empirical stationary measure

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Large deviations (60F10) Interacting random processes; statistical mechanics type models; percolation theory (60K35) Brownian motion (60J65) Path integrals in quantum mechanics (81S40) Quantum equilibrium statistical mechanics (general) (82B10)

Abstract: We consider $N$ bosons in a box in $mathbb{R}^d$ with volume $N/ho$ under the influence of a mutually repellent pair potential. The particle density $hoin(0,infty)$ is kept fixed. Our main result is the identification of the limiting free energy, $$, at positive temperature $$, in terms of an explicit variational formula, for any fixed $ho$ if $$ is sufficiently small, and for any fixed $$ if $ho$ is sufficiently small. The thermodynamic equilibrium is described by the symmetrized trace of $$, where ${mathcalH}_N$ denotes the corresponding Hamilton operator. The well-known Feynman--Kac formula reformulates this trace in terms of $N$ interacting Brownian bridges. Due to the symmetrization, the bridges are organized in an ensemble of cycles of various lengths. The novelty of our approach is a description in terms of a marked Poisson point process whose marks are the cycles. This allows for an asymptotic analysis of the system via a large-deviations analysis of the stationary empirical field. The resulting variational formula ranges over random shift-invariant marked point fields and optimizes the sum of the interaction and the relative entropy with respect to the reference process. In our proof of the lower bound for the free energy, we drop all interaction involving "infinitely long" cycles, and their possible presence is signalled by a loss of mass of the "finitely long" cycles in the variational formula. In the proof of the upper bound, we only keep the mass on the "finitely long" cycles. We expect that the precise relationship between these two bounds lies at the heart of Bose--Einstein condensation and intend to analyze it further in future.

Recommendations

• Free energy in a mean field of Brownian particles
• Independence of free energy with respect to boundary conditions
• Free energies of dilute Bose gases: upper bound
• Gross-Pitaevskii limit of a homogeneous Bose gas at positive temperature
• A perturbed mean field model of an interacting Boson gas and the large deviation principle

Cites work

• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3725098 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1158743 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1774199 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3284254 (Why is no real title available?)
• Asymptotic Feynman-Kac formulae for large symmetrised systems of random walks
• Atomic Theory of the<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>λ</mml:mi></mml:math>Transition in Helium
• Gibbs measures and phase transitions
• Large deviations and the equivalence of ensembles for Gibbsian particle systems with superstable interaction
• Large deviations and the maximum entropy principle for marked point random fields
• Large deviations for many Brownian bridges with symmetrised initial-terminal condition
• Limit theorems for statistics of combinatorial partitions with applications to mean field Bose gas
• Long cycles in a perturbed mean field model of a Boson gas
• On the Position Distribution of the Ideal Bose Gas
• Percolation transition in the Bose gas: II
• Spatial random permutations and infinite cycles
• Statistical mechanics of combinatorial partitions, and their limit shapes
• The mathematics of the Bose gas and its condensation.

Cited in

(24)

• Space-time random walk loop measures
• Formation of infinite loops for an interacting bosonic loop soup
• A new approach to the energy theorems for many-particle systems
• The optimal evolution of the free energy of interacting gases and its applications
• Randomization and the Gross-Pitaevskii hierarchy
• Emergence of interlacements from the finite volume Bose soup
• Phase transitions in Delaunay Potts models
• Large deviations in weakly interacting fermions: Generating functions as Gaussian Berezin integrals and bounds on large Pfaffians
• An explicit large deviation analysis of the spatial cycle Huang-Yang-Luttinger model
• Overcomplete free energy functional for D = 1 particle systems with next neighbor interactions
• A micro-macro variational formula for the free energy of a many-body system with unbounded marks
• Variational description of bulk energies for bounded and unbounded spin systems
• Functional integral and stochastic representations for ensembles of identical bosons on a lattice
• Variational principle of Bogoliubov and generalized mean fields in many-particle interacting systems
• Macroscopic loops in the Bose gas, spin \(O(N)\) and related models
• Independence of free energy with respect to boundary conditions
• Local existence of solutions to randomized Gross-Pitaevskii hierarchies
• Single-particle approximation to the canonical density operator of a system of N interacting fermions
• Interacting Brownian Motions and the Gross-Pitaevskii Formula
• Interplay of analysis and probability in applied mathematics. Abstracts from the workshop held February 11--17, 2018
• Large deviations analysis for random combinatorial partitions with counter terms
• Grand canonical distribution for multicomponent system in the collective variables method.
• A variational expansion for the free energy of a bosonic system
• Upper large deviations for power-weighted edge lengths in spatial random networks

This page was built for publication: A variational formula for the free energy of an interacting many-particle system

Report a bug (only for logged in users!)Click here to report a bug for this page (MaRDI item Q2431522)