A variational formula for the free energy of an interacting many-particle system

DOI10.1214/10-AOP565zbMATH Open1225.60147arXiv1003.1393OpenAlexW2028012704MaRDI QIDQ2431522FDOQ2431522

Authors: Andrea Collevecchio, Stefan Adams, W. König 

Publication date: 15 April 2011

Published in: The Annals of Probability (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We consider $N$ bosons in a box in $mathbb{R}^d$ with volume $N/ho$ under the influence of a mutually repellent pair potential. The particle density $hoin(0,infty)$ is kept fixed. Our main result is the identification of the limiting free energy, $$, at positive temperature $$, in terms of an explicit variational formula, for any fixed $ho$ if $$ is sufficiently small, and for any fixed $$ if $ho$ is sufficiently small. The thermodynamic equilibrium is described by the symmetrized trace of $$, where ${mathcalH}_N$ denotes the corresponding Hamilton operator. The well-known Feynman--Kac formula reformulates this trace in terms of $N$ interacting Brownian bridges. Due to the symmetrization, the bridges are organized in an ensemble of cycles of various lengths. The novelty of our approach is a description in terms of a marked Poisson point process whose marks are the cycles. This allows for an asymptotic analysis of the system via a large-deviations analysis of the stationary empirical field. The resulting variational formula ranges over random shift-invariant marked point fields and optimizes the sum of the interaction and the relative entropy with respect to the reference process. In our proof of the lower bound for the free energy, we drop all interaction involving "infinitely long" cycles, and their possible presence is signalled by a loss of mass of the "finitely long" cycles in the variational formula. In the proof of the upper bound, we only keep the mass on the "finitely long" cycles. We expect that the precise relationship between these two bounds lies at the heart of Bose--Einstein condensation and intend to analyze it further in future.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1003.1393

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zbMATH Keywords

free energyBrownian bridgevariational formulasymmetrized distributioninteracting many-particle systems, Bose-Einstein condensationlarge deviations, empirical stationary measure

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Large deviations (60F10) Interacting random processes; statistical mechanics type models; percolation theory (60K35) Brownian motion (60J65) Path integrals in quantum mechanics (81S40) Quantum equilibrium statistical mechanics (general) (82B10)

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• Large deviations in weakly interacting fermions: Generating functions as Gaussian Berezin integrals and bounds on large Pfaffians
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• An explicit large deviation analysis of the spatial cycle Huang-Yang-Luttinger model
• Overcomplete free energy functional for \(D\) = 1 particle systems with next neighbor interactions
• A micro-macro variational formula for the free energy of a many-body system with unbounded marks
• Variational description of bulk energies for bounded and unbounded spin systems
• Functional integral and stochastic representations for ensembles of identical bosons on a lattice
• Variational principle of Bogoliubov and generalized mean fields in many-particle interacting systems
• Macroscopic loops in the Bose gas, spin \(O(N)\) and related models
• Independence of free energy with respect to boundary conditions
• Local existence of solutions to randomized Gross-Pitaevskii hierarchies
• Single-particle approximation to the canonical density operator of a system of N interacting fermions
• Interacting Brownian Motions and the Gross-Pitaevskii Formula
• Large deviations analysis for random combinatorial partitions with counter terms
• Interplay of analysis and probability in applied mathematics. Abstracts from the workshop held February 11--17, 2018
• Grand canonical distribution for multicomponent system in the collective variables method.
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• Upper large deviations for power-weighted edge lengths in spatial random networks
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