The supports of higher bifurcation currents

Abstract: Let (f_lambda) be a holomorphic family of rational mappings of degree d on the Riemann sphere, with k marked critical points c_1,..., c_k, parameterized by a complex manifold Lambda. To this data is associated a closed positive current T_1wedge ... wedge T_k of bidegree (k,k) on Lambda, aiming to describe the simultaneous bifurcations of the marked critical points. In this note we show that the support of this current is accumulated by parameters at which c_1,..., c_k eventually fall on repelling cycles. Together with results of Buff, Epstein and Gauthier, this leads to a complete characterization of Supp(T_1wedge ... wedge T_k).

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Let \((f_\lambda)_{\lambda\in\Lambda}\) be a holomorphic family of rational mappings of degree \(d\geq 2\) on \(\mathbb{P}^1\) parametrized by a complex manifold \(\Lambda\) and let \(c_1,\dots,c_k\) be marked critical points with \(T_1, \dots, T_k\) their associated bifurcation currents on \(\Lambda\). The product \(T_1\wedge \dots\wedge T_k\) is well defined and a characterization of its support is given by the author in the article under review. It is known that this support is included in the set of the parameters for which the family of marked critical points is simultaneously active, but different in general. If for certain \(\lambda_0\in \Lambda\), the \(k\)-tuple of marked critical points eventually lands in repelling periodic points, i.e., \(f^{n_j}(c_j(\lambda_0))=p_j(\lambda_0)\), then we define two maps from \(\Lambda\) to \((\mathbb{P}^1)^k\), \(C(\lambda)=(f_1^{n_1}(c_1(\lambda)),\dots,f_k^{n_k}(c_k(\lambda))\) and \(P(\lambda)=(p_1(\lambda),\dots,p_k(\lambda))\) where \(p_i(\lambda)\) are the natural continuation of the periodic points. If the graphs of \(P\) and \(C\) intersect transversely at \(\lambda_0\), it is said that the critical points fall transversely onto the periodic points. The major result in the article is that, under the assumptions of the first paragraph, a point is in \(\mathrm{supp}\,(T_1\wedge \dots\wedge T_k)\) if and only if it is in the closure of parameters \(\lambda\) for which \(c_1(\lambda),\dots,c_k(\lambda)\) fall transversely onto repelling cycles. Actually, the author proves only the ``only if part, as the converse was already obtained in [\textit{X. Buff} and \textit{A. Epstein}, in: Complex dynamics. Families and friends. Wellesley, MA: A K Peters. 491--512 (2009; Zbl 1180.37056)]. As a by-product, the author also proves that, under the previous assumptions, there exists a pluripolar set \(\mathcal{E}\) such that, for every \((z_1,\dots,z_k)\in \mathbb{P}^1\setminus \mathcal{E}\), \[ \frac{1}{d^{nk}}[{f^n_\lambda(c_1(\lambda))=z_1}\cap\dots\cap{f^n_\lambda(c_k(\lambda))=z_k}]\rightarrow T_1\wedge \dots\wedge T_k. \]

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