Confinement-deconfinement transitions for two-dimensional Dirac particles

General topics in linear spectral theory for PDEs (35P05) Time-dependent Schrödinger equations and Dirac equations (35Q41) Selfadjoint operator theory in quantum theory, including spectral analysis (81Q10) Lattice systems (Ising, dimer, Potts, etc.) and systems on graphs arising in equilibrium statistical mechanics (82B20) Statistical mechanics of crystals (82D25)

Abstract: We consider a two-dimensional massless Dirac operator coupled to a magnetic field

B

and an electric potential

V

growing at infinity. We find a characterization of the spectrum of the resulting operator

H

in terms of the relation between

B

and

V

at infinity. In particular, we give a sharp condition for the discreteness of the spectrum of

H

beyond which we find dense pure point spectrum.

Review text

The authors consider a two-dimensional massless Dirac operator \(D_{A}\) coupled to a magnetic field \(B\) which is at least continuous on \(\mathbb{R} ^{2}\) and defined through \(D_{A}\varphi =\sigma \cdot (-i\nabla -A)\varphi \) where \(A=(A_{1},A_{2})\in C^{1}(\mathbb{R}^{2},\mathbb{R}^{2})\) satisfies \( \text{curl}A=B\) and \(\sigma =(\sigma _{1},\sigma _{2})\) with \(\sigma _{1}=\left( \begin{matrix} 0 & 1 \\ 1 & 0 \end{matrix} \right) \) and \(\sigma _{2}=\left( \begin{matrix} 0 & -i \\ i & 0 \end{matrix} \right) \).\ They also define the self-adjoint operator \(H\varphi =(D_{A}+V)\varphi \) where \(V\) is an electric potential which belongs to \( C^{1}(\mathbb{R}^{2},\mathbb{R})\) at least and grows at infinity. The main purpose of the paper is to prove regularity properties of the spectrum of the operator \(H\) together with its behaviour at infinity, in terms of the relation between \(B\) and \(V\) at infinity. In particular, the authors give a sharp condition for the discreteness of the spectrum of \(H\) beyond which they find dense pure point spectrum. Foir the proofs, the authors essentially use direct computations on the operators within this context.

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