Partially fundamentally reducible operators in Kreĭn spaces

DOI10.1007/S00020-014-2204-3MaRDI QIDQ2516558zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 3 August 2015

Published in Integral Equations and Operator Theory (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1407.7108

boundary triple coupling of operators fundamentally reducible operator Kreĭn space self-adjoint extension similar to a self-adjoint operator symmetric operator Weyl function

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Weyl theory and its generalizations for ordinary differential equations (34B20) Spaces with indefinite inner product (Kre?n spaces, Pontryagin spaces, etc.) (46C20) Linear symmetric and selfadjoint operators (unbounded) (47B25) Linear operators on spaces with an indefinite metric (47B50)

Abstract: A self-adjoint operator

A

in a Krein space

is called partially fundamentally reducible if there exist a fundamental decomposition

m a t h c a l K = {m a t h c a l K}_{+} [d o t +] {m a t h c a l K}_{-}

(which does not reduce

A

) and densely defined symmetric operators

S_{+}

and

S_{-}

in the Hilbert spaces

and

, respectively, such that each

S_{+}

and

S_{-}

has defect numbers

(1, 1)

and the operator

A

is a self-adjoint extension of

S = S_{+} o p l u s (- S_{-})

in the Krein space

. The operator

A

is interpreted as a coupling of operators

S_{+}

and

- S_{-}

relative to some boundary triples

and

. Sufficient conditions for a nonnegative partially fundamentally reducible operator

A

to be similar to a self-adjoint operator in a Hilbert space are given in terms of the Weyl functions

m_{+}

and

m_{-}

of

S_{+}

and

S_{-}

relative to the boundary triples

and

. Moreover, it is shown that under some asymptotic assumptions on

m_{+}

and

m_{-}

all positive self-adjoint extensions of the operator

S

are similar to self-adjoint operators in a Hilbert space.

Review text

A self-adjoint operator \(A\) in a Kreĭn space \((K, \; [\cdot,\cdot])\) is called fundamentally reducible if there is a fundamental decomposition \(K = K_+ \dotplus K_-\) of \(K\) and self-adjoint operators \(S_\pm\) in the Hilbert spaces \((\mathcal K_\pm, \pm[\,\cdot\, , \cdot\,])\) such that \(A\) is the direct sum of \(S_+\) and \(-S_-\). This is equivalent to the similarity of \(A\) to a self-adjoint operator in a Hilbert space \((K, \; \langle \cdot,\cdot \rangle)\) induced by a fundamental symmetry \(J\) using \(\langle \cdot,\cdot \rangle := [J \cdot,\cdot ]\). For the property ``partially fundamentally reducible it is only required that the operators \(S_\pm\) are densely defined and symmetric in the Hilbert spaces \((K_\pm, \; \pm [\cdot,\cdot])\) with defect numbers \((1,1)\) and that \(A\) is a self-adjoint extension of \(S_+ \oplus (-S_-)\). It is a natural question under which conditions a \textit{partially} fundamentally reducible operator is fundamentally reducible. If, additionally, \(A\) is nonnegative in \((K, \; [\cdot,\cdot])\), then this question reduces to the problem to show that neither \(\infty\) nor \(0\) is a singular critical point of \(A\) (in the terminology of definitizable operators) and \(\ker (A^2) = \ker (A)\). In the present paper, a number of conditions for these properties are presented in terms of the Weyl functions \(m_\pm\) associated with boundary triplets \(({\mathbb C}, \Gamma^\pm_0, \Gamma^\pm_1)\) for \(S^*_\pm\) in the Hilbert space \((K_\pm, \; \pm [\cdot,\cdot])\). Some of the conditions involve the asymptotic behavior of \(m_\pm(rz)\) as \(r \rightarrow \infty\) or \(r \rightarrow 0\). Furthermore, conditions for the above properties are formulated for an arbitrary nonnegative self-adjoint extension of \(S_+ \oplus (-S_-)\) in \((K, \; [\cdot,\cdot])\). Finally, the results are applied to some indefinite differential operators such as \(A f = - ((pf')' + qf) \operatorname{sgn} (t)/w\). Here, the differential expression is defined on the whole real line with limit point case at \(\pm \infty\) and \(1/p, q, w \in L^1_{\mathrm{loc}}({\mathbb R}), \; p, w > 0\), and the boundary triplets are taken as \(\Gamma^\pm_0 f := (pf') (0\pm), \, \Gamma^\pm_1 f := \mp f (0\pm)\).

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