Associative differential operations
Die Bezeichnungen \(D\)-Körper, D. P., und die Symbole \(y_i = y_{i0}\), \(y_{ir}\) usw. haben dieselbe Bedeutung. wie in der unmittelbar vorangehenden Besprechung Zbl 0037.18402. Gebildet werden formale \glqq Potenzreihen\grqq{} \(\mathfrak A(y) = A^{(1)}(y) + A^{(2)}(y) + \cdots\), bei denen jeweils \(A^{(i)}(y)\) ein D. P. bedeutet, das in den benutzten Variablen \(y_{ir}\) \((i = 1, \ldots, n;\ r = 0, 1, 2, \ldots)\) über dem Koeffizienten-\(D\)-Körper homogen vom Grade \(i\) ist. Solche Reihen können nicht nur abgeleitet und in üblicher Weise formal addiert und multipliziert werden. Man erhält vor allem auch aus einer Reihe \(\mathfrak A(y)\) eine neue Reihe \(\mathfrak B(z)\), wenn man in \(\mathfrak A(y)\) jede der Variabeln \(y_i\) durch eine passende Reihe \(\mathfrak B_i(z)\) in neuen Unbestimmten \(z_{kr}\) \((k = 1, \ldots, m,\ r = 0, 1, 2, \ldots)\) und jede Abgeleitete \(y_{ir}\) durch die entsprechende Abgeleitete \(\mathfrak B_{ir}(z)\) ersetzt. Schließlich läßt sich zu jeder Reihe der speziellen Form \(\mathfrak A(y) = \alpha\cdot y + A^{(2)}(y) + A^{(3)}(y) + \ldots\) \((\alpha\ne 0)\) in einer einzigen Unbestimmten \(y\) und ihren Ableitungen \(y_r\) nach geläufigem Schema eine eindeutig bestimmte, der Identität \(\mathfrak A(\mathfrak A^{-1}(y)) = y\) genügende reziproke Reihe \(\mathfrak A^{-1}(y)\) berechnen. Ziel des Verf. ist es, die Reihen \(\mathfrak A(y)\) zu einer abstrakten Verallgemeinerung der Lieschen Theorie zu benutzen. In der vorliegenden Note beschäftigt er sich im wesentlichen mit einer Differentialoperation des Ranges 1, worunter er die Bildung einer Reihe \(\mathfrak A(u, v)\) in zwei Variabeln \(u,v\) und ihrer Ableitungen \(u_r, v_r\) versteht: Eine Differentialoperation des Ranges 1 möge normiert genannt werden, wenn \(\mathfrak A(u, 0) = u\), \(\mathfrak A(0, v) = v\) wird. Sie heißt assoziativ, wenn die Beziehung \(\mathfrak D(\mathfrak D(u, v), w) = \mathfrak D(u, \mathfrak D(v, w))\) besteht. Ist \(\mathfrak B(z) = \alpha z + B^{(2)}(z) + B^{(3)}(z) + \cdots)\) \((\alpha\ne 0)\) eine Reihe in der einen Unbestimmten \(z\) und ihren Ableitungen \(z_r\), so entsteht aus \(\mathfrak A(u, v)\) durch Bildung von \(\mathfrak B^{-1}(\mathfrak A(\mathfrak B(u), \mathfrak B(v))) = \mathfrak A'(u, v)\) eine neue Differentialoperation des Ranges 1, die stets gleichzeitig mit \(\mathfrak A(u, v)\) normiert und assoziativ ist. \(\mathfrak A'(u, v)\) heißt zu \(\mathfrak A(u, v)\) äquivalent. In der vorliegenden Note beweist der Verf. durch formale Rechnung den folgenden Hauptsatz: Jede normierte, assoziative Differentialoperation des Ranges 1 ist entweder zu der Differentialoperation \[ \mathfrak A^*(u, v)\equiv u + v+ \sum_{r=1}^\infty \frac{v_r\cdot u^r}{r!} \] oder zu der Differentialoperation \(\mathfrak B^*(u, v) \equiv u + v\) äquivalent. Dabei kann die Differentialoperation \(\mathfrak B^*(u, v)\) als ein Grenzfall der Differentialoperation \(\mathfrak A^*(u, v)\) aufgefaßt werden, die offenbar der Bildung von \(u (x) + v(x+ u(x))\) nebst an-schließender formaler Taylorentwicklung von \(v(x + u(x))\) entspricht. Über Differentialoperationen von beliebigem Range \(n\), die durch die Bildung von \(n\) Reihen \(\mathfrak A_i(u, v)\) in \(2n\) Unbestimmten \(u_k, v_k\) \((k = 1, \ldots, n)\) und ihren Ableitungen \(u_{kr}, v_{kr}\) definiert werden, enthält die vorliegende Arbeit nur einige grundsätzliche Bemerkungen und Beispiele. Wesentliche, die Operationen des Ranges \(n\) betreffende Resultate (abstraktes-Analogon zu Lies drittem Fundamentaltheorem) werden in einer Fußnote angekündigt.
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