Asymptotic velocity of a position-dependent quantum walk

Abstract: We consider a position-dependent coined quantum walk on

m a t h b b Z

and assume that the coin operator

C (x)

satisfies [ |C(x) - C_0 | leq c_1|x|^{-1-epsilon}, quad x in mathbb{Z} ] with positive

c_{1}

and

e p s i l o n

and

C_{0} i n U (2)

. We show that the Heisenberg operator

h a t x (t)

of the position operator converges to the asymptotic velocity operator

h a t v_{+}

so that [ mbox{s-}lim_{t o infty} { m exp}left( i xi frac{hat x(t)}{t} ight) = Pi_{ m p}(U) + { m exp}(i xi hat v_+) Pi_{ m ac}(U) ] provided that

U

has no singular continuous spectrum. Here

P i_{m p} (U)

(resp.

P i_{m a c} (U)

) is the orthogonal projection onto the direct sum of all eigenspaces (resp. the subspace of absolute continuity) of

U

. We also prove that for the random variable

X_{t}

denoting the position of a quantum walker at time

t i n m a t h b b N

,

X_{t} / t

converges in law to a random variable

V

with the probability distribution [ mu_V = |Pi_{ m p}(U)Psi_0|^2delta_0 + |E_{hat v_+}(cdot) Pi_{ m ac}(U)Psi_0|^2, ] where

P s i_{0}

is the initial state,

d e l t a_{0}

the Dirac measure at zero, and

E_{h a t v_{+}}

the spectral measure of

h a t v_{+}

.

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