Some results on Seshadri constants on surfaces of general type

The author studies the Seshadri constants on surfaces of general type. Let \(X\) be a smooth complex projective surface and \(L\) be an ample line bundle on \(X\). Given a finite set of distinct points \(x_{1}, \dots ,x_{r} \in X\) we define the multipoint Seshadri constant as \[\varepsilon(X,L; x_{1}, \dots, x_{r}) :=\mathrm{inf}_{C \cap \{x_{1}, \dots, x_{r}\} \neq \emptyset} \frac{L.C}{ \sum_{i=1}^{r} \mathrm{mult}_{x_{i}} \,C},\] where the infimum is taken over all irreducible curves \(C \subset X\) passing through at least one of the points \(x_{1}, \dots, x_{r} \in X\). Theorem A. Let \(X\) be a surface of general type with \(K_{X}\) being big and nef, and let \(x_{1}, \dots, x_{r} \in X\) be a finite set of distinct points with \(r\geq 2\). Then we have the following possibilities: a) \(\varepsilon(X, K_{X}; x_{1}, x_{2}, \dots, x_{r}) = 0\) if and only if at least one of \(x_{i}\)'s lies on a \((-2)\)-curve in \(X\). b) If \(0 < \varepsilon(X, K_{X}; x_{1}, \dots, x_{r}) < 1/r\), then the Seshadri curve \(C\) satisfies \(K_{X}.C \leq 2\) and \[\varepsilon(X, K_{X}; x_{1}, \dots, x_{r}) = \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} \frac{1}{3} \text{ or } \frac{1}{4} \text{ or } \frac{2}{5} &\text{ if }r=2, \\ \frac{1}{r+1} \text{ or } \frac{1}{r+2} & \text{ if } 3 \leq r < 9, \\ \frac{1}{r+1} \text{ or } \frac{1}{r+2} \text{ or } \frac{1}{r+3}& \text{ if } r > 9. \\ \end{array} \right.\] The second main result of the paper is devoted to a special class of surface of general type. Let \(C\) be a smooth complex curve of genus \(g\geq 2\) and consider a surface \(X = C \times C\). Denote by \(F_{1}\) and \(F_{2}\) the fibres corresponding to two projections \(p_{1},p_{2} : C \times C \rightarrow C\), and let \(\delta\) be the diagonal. Theorem B. Let \(X = C \times C\), where \(C\) is a general member of the moduli of smooth curves of genus \(g \geq 2\). Let \(L\) be a line bundle numerically equivalent to \(a_{1}F_{1} + a_{2}F_{2} + a_{3}\delta\) satisfying any of the following conditions on \(a_{1}, a_{2}\), and \(a_{3}\): a) \(a_{3} = 0\), b) \(a_{3} > 0\), \(a_{1} \leq a_{2}\), and \(a_{1}^{2} + a_{3}^{2} < 2a_{1}a_{2}\), c) \(a_{3} < 0\) and \(a_{2} \geq \frac{2gk^{2} + 2k + 1}{2(k+1)}\cdot a_{1}\), where \(k=\bigg\lceil \frac{ |a_{3}|/a_{1} }{ 1-|a_{3}|/a_{1}} \bigg\rceil\). Then the global Seshadri constant \(\varepsilon(X,L)\) of \(L\) is rational, where \[\varepsilon(X,L) :=\mathrm{inf}_{x \in X} \, \varepsilon(X,L;x).\] Theorem C. Let \(X = C \times C\), where \(C\) is a general member of the moduli of smooth curves of genus \(g\geq 2\). Let \(K_{X}\) be the canonical line bundle and \(r \geq K_{X}^{2}\) be an integer. Then either \[\varepsilon(X, K_{X};x) \geq \sqrt{\frac{r+2}{r+3}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{K_{X}^{2}}{r}}, \text{ or}\] \(\varepsilon(X, K_{x}; x_{1}, \dots, x_{r})\) is computed by a curve \(C_{1}\) numerically equivalent to \(a(F_{1}+F_{2})\) for some \(a \in \mathbb{N}\) passing through \(r\) very general points with multiplicity one at each point.

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