On index theory for non-Fredholm operators: a (1+1)-dimensional example

DOI10.1002/MANA.201500065MaRDI QIDQ2805375zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Galina Levitina, Denis Potapov, Dmitriy Zanin, A. L. Carey, Fritz Gesztesy, Fedor Sukochev

Publication date 11 May 2016

Published in Mathematische Nachrichten (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1509.01356

zbMATH Keywords

resolventdifferential operatorspectral shift functionWitten indexnon-Fredholm operator

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Spectrum, resolvent (47A10) (Semi-) Fredholm operators; index theories (47A53) Scattering theory of linear operators (47A40) Spectral flows (58J30)

Abstract: Using the general formalism of [12], a study of index theory for non-Fredholm operators was initiated in [9]. Natural examples arise from $(1+1)$-dimensional differential operators using the model operator $D_A$ in $L^2(mathbb{R}^2;dtdx)$ of the type $D_A=(d/dt)+A$, where $A=in{t}_{mathbbR}^{oplus}dt,A(t)$, and the family of self-adjoint operators $A(t)$ in $L^2(mathbbR;dx)$ is explicitly given by $A(t)=-i(d/dx)+heta(t)phi(cdot)$, $tinmathbbR$. Here $phi:mathbbRomathbbR$ has to be integrable on $mathbbR$ and $heta:mathbbRomathbbR$ tends to zero as $to-infty$ and to $1$ as $to+infty$. In particular, $A(t)$ has asymptotes in the norm resolvent sense $A_{-}=-i(d/dx)$, $A_{+}=-i(d/dx)+phi(cdot)$ as $tompinfty$. Since $D_A$ violates the relative trace class condition introduced in [9], we now employ a new approach based on an approximation technique. The approximants do fit the framework of [9] and lead to the following results: Introducing $H_1={D_A}^{\ast }{D}_A$, $H_2=D_A{D_A}^{\ast }$, we recall that the resolvent regularized Witten index of $D_A$, denoted by $W_r(D_A)$, is defined by ${\displaystyle }$ W_r(D_A) = lim_{lambda o 0} (- lambda) { m tr}_{L^2(mathbb{R}^2; dtdx)}((H_1 - lambda I)^{-1} - (H_2 - lambda I)^{-1}). ${\displaystyle }$ In the concrete example at hand, we prove ${\displaystyle }$ W_r(D_A) = xi(0_+; H_2, H_1) = xi(0; A_+, A_-) = 1/(2 pi) int_{mathbb{R}} dx , phi(x). ${\displaystyle }$ Here $xi(,cdot,;S_2,S_1)$, denotes the spectral shift operator for the pair $(S_2,S_1)$, and we employ the normalization, $xi(lambda;H_2,H_1)=0$, $lambda<0$.

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Cited in

(10)

• On absence of threshold resonances for Schrödinger and Dirac operators
• Trace formulas for a class of non-Fredholm operators: a review
• The Spectral Shift Function and the Witten Index
• Bourgin--Yang-type theorem for \(a\)-compact perturbations of closed operators. I: The case of index theories with dimension property
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 18374 (Why is no real title available?)
• On the global limiting absorption principle for massless Dirac operators
• Index theorems for Fredholm, semi-Fredholm, and almost periodic operators: all in one example
• Index theory beyond the Fredholm case
• The Witten index of massless \((d+1)\)-Dirac-Schrödinger operators
• Applying the index theorem to non-smooth operators

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