On index theory for non-Fredholm operators: a (1+1)-dimensional example

DOI10.1002/MANA.201500065zbMATH Open1384.47006arXiv1509.01356OpenAlexW2964292851MaRDI QIDQ2805375FDOQ2805375

Fedor Sukochev, A. L. Carey, Galina Levitina, Fritz Gesztesy, Dmitriy Zanin, Denis Potapov

Publication date: 11 May 2016

Published in: Mathematische Nachrichten (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Using the general formalism of [12], a study of index theory for non-Fredholm operators was initiated in [9]. Natural examples arise from

(1 + 1)

-dimensional differential operators using the model operator

D_{A}

in

L^{2} (m a t h b b R^{2}; d t d x)

of the type

D_{A} = (d / d t) + A

, where

A = i n t_{m a t h b b R}^{o p l u s} d t, A (t)

, and the family of self-adjoint operators

A (t)

in

L^{2} (m a t h b b R; d x)

is explicitly given by

A (t) = - i (d / d x) + h e t a (t) p h i (c d o t)

,

t i n m a t h b b R

. Here

p h i : m a t h b b R o m a t h b b R

has to be integrable on

m a t h b b R

and

h e t a : m a t h b b R o m a t h b b R

tends to zero as

t o - i n f t y

and to

1

as

t o + i n f t y

. In particular,

A (t)

has asymptotes in the norm resolvent sense

A_{-} = - i (d / d x)

,

A_{+} = - i (d / d x) + p h i (c d o t)

as

t o m p i n f t y

. Since

D_{A}

violates the relative trace class condition introduced in [9], we now employ a new approach based on an approximation technique. The approximants do fit the framework of [9] and lead to the following results: Introducing