On the index of a non-Fredholm model operator

DOI10.7153/OAM-10-50zbMATH Open1356.47018arXiv1509.01580OpenAlexW2964140169MaRDI QIDQ2954256FDOQ2954256

Authors: Galina Levitina, A. L. Carey, Fritz Gesztesy, Fedor Sukochev 

Publication date: 12 January 2017

Published in: Operators and Matrices (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Let ${A(t)}_{tinmathbbR}$ be a path of self-adjoint Fredholm operators in a Hilbert space $mathcalH$, joining endpoints $A_{p}m$ as $topminfty$. Computing the index of the operator $D_A=(d/dt)+A$ acting in $L^2(mathbbR;mathcalH)$, where $A=in{t}_{mathbbR}^{oplus}dt,A(t)$, and its relation to spectral flow along this path, has a long history. While most of the latter focuses on the case where $A(t)$ all have purely discrete spectrum, we now particularly study situations permitting essential spectra. Introducing $H_1={D_A}^{\ast }{D}_A$ and $H_2=D_A{D_A}^{\ast }$, we consider spectral shift functions $xi(,cdot,;A_{+},A_{-})$ and $xi(,cdot,;H_2,H_1)$ associated with the pairs $(A_{+},A_{-})$ and $(H_2,H_1)$. Assuming $A_{+}$ to be a relatively trace class perturbation of $A_{-}$ and $A_{pm}$ to be Fredholm, the value $xi(0;A_{-},A_{+})$ was shown in [14] to represent the spectral flow along the path ${A(t)}_{tinmathbbR}$ while that of $xi(0_{+};H_1,H_2)$ yields the Fredholm index of $D_A$. The fact, proved in [14], that these values of the two spectral functions are equal, resolves the index = spectral flow question in this case. When the path ${A(t)}_{tinmathbbR}$ consists of differential operators, the relatively trace class perturbation assumption is violated. The simplest assumption that applies (to differential operators in (1+1)-dimensions) is a relatively Hilbert-Schmidt perturbation. This is not just an incremental improvement. In fact, the approximation method we employ here to make this extension is of interest in any dimension. Moreover we consider $A_{p}m$ which are not necessarily Fredholm and we establish that the relationships between the two spectral shift functions for the pairs $(A_{+},A_{-})$ and $(H_2,H_1)$ found in all of the previous papers [9], [14], and [22] can be proved in the non-Fredholm case.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1509.01580

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zbMATH Keywords

spectral shift functionFredholm and Witten index

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Spectrum, resolvent (47A10) (Semi-) Fredholm operators; index theories (47A53) Scattering theory of linear operators (47A40) Spectral flows (58J30)

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Cited In (14)

• Trace formulas for a class of non-Fredholm operators: a review
• Index theorems in quantum mechanics
• Spectral flow inside essential spectrum
• Fredholm properties of nonlocal differential operators via spectral flow
• On absence of threshold resonances for Schrödinger and Dirac operators
• On the global limiting absorption principle for massless Dirac operators
• Spectral flow and resonance index
• The Witten index and the spectral shift function
• The index formula and the spectral shift function for relatively trace class perturbations
• On the Witten index in terms of spectral shift functions
• The spectral flow, the Fredholm index, and the spectral shift function
• Fredholm index and spectral flow in non-self-adjoint case
• Index theory beyond the Fredholm case
• On index theory for non-Fredholm operators: a \((1+1)\)-dimensional example

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