Bôcher contractions of conformally superintegrable Laplace equations

DOI10.3842/SIGMA.2016.038MaRDI QIDQ288677zbMATHFDO

Authors Ernest G. Kalnins, W. jun. Miller, E. M. Subag

Publication date 27 May 2016

Published in SIGMA. Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: Methods and Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1512.09315

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zbMATH Keywords

conformal superintegrabilitycontractionsLaplace equations

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Laplace operator, Helmholtz equation (reduced wave equation), Poisson equation (35J05) Applications of Lie (super)algebras to physics, etc. (17B81) Orthogonal polynomials and functions of hypergeometric type (Jacobi, Laguerre, Hermite, Askey scheme, etc.) (33C45) Selfadjoint operator theory in quantum theory, including spectral analysis (81Q10) Quantum mechanics on special spaces: manifolds, fractals, graphs, lattices (81Q35) Finite-dimensional groups and algebras motivated by physics and their representations (81R05) Groups and algebras in quantum theory and relations with integrable systems (81R12)

Abstract: The explicit solvability of quantum superintegrable systems is due to symmetry, but the symmetry is often "hidden". The symmetry generators of 2nd order superintegrable systems in 2 dimensions close under commutation to define quadratic algebras, a generalization of Lie algebras. Distinct systems on constant curvature spaces are related by geometric limits, induced by generalized In"on"u-Wigner Lie algebra contractions of the symmetry algebras of the underlying spaces. These have physical/geometric implications, such as the Askey scheme for hypergeometric orthogonal polynomials. However, the limits have no satisfactory Lie algebra contraction interpretations for underlying spaces with 1- or 0-dimensional Lie algebras. We show that these systems can be best understood by transforming them to Laplace conformally superintegrable systems, with flat space conformal symmetry group $mSO(4,mathbbC)$, and using ideas introduced in the 1894 thesis of B^ocher to study separable solutions of the wave equation in terms of roots of quadratic forms. We show that B^ocher's prescription for coalescing roots of these forms induces contractions of the conformal algebra $mathfrakso(4,mathbbC)$ to itself and yields a mechanism for classifying all Helmholtz superintegrable systems and their limits. In the paper [Acta Polytechnica, to appear, arXiv:1510.09067], we announced our main findings. This paper provides the proofs and more details.

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Cited in

(14)

• Laplace-type equations as conformal superintegrable systems
• Separation equations for 2D superintegrable systems on constant curvature spaces
• Contractions of degenerate quadratic algebras, abstract and geometric
• An algebraic geometric foundation for a classification of second-order superintegrable systems in arbitrary dimension
• Kinematical invariance groups of the 3d Schrödinger equations with position dependent masses
• Algebraic conditions for conformal superintegrability in arbitrary dimension
• The dual pair \(Pin(2n) \times \mathfrak{osp}(1|2)\), the Dirac equation and the Bannai-Ito algebra
• Bôcher and abstract contractions of 2nd order quadratic algebras
• Toward a classification of semidegenerate 3D superintegrable systems
• Bôcher contractions of conformally superintegrable Laplace equations
• Contraction of superintegrable Hamiltonian systems
• Superintegrable quantum mechanical systems with position dependent masses invariant with respect to three parametric Lie groups
• Structure relations and Darboux contractions for 2D 2nd order superintegrable systems
• The Kepler problem: polynomial algebra of nonpolynomial first integrals

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