On spherically symmetric solutions of the Einstein-Euler equations

Wave equation (35L05) Initial value problems for second-order hyperbolic systems (35L52) Initial-boundary value problems for higher-order hyperbolic systems (35L57) Second-order nonlinear hyperbolic equations (35L70) Einstein equations (35Q76) Gas dynamics (general theory) (76N15) Einstein's equations (general structure, canonical formalism, Cauchy problems) (83C05) Hydrodynamic and hydromagnetic problems in astronomy and astrophysics (85A30)

Abstract: We construct spherically symmetric solutions to the Einstein-Euler equations, which give models of gaseous stars in the framework of the general theory of relativity. We assume a realistic barotropic equation of state. Equilibria of the spherically symmetric Einstein-Euler equations are given by the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equations, and time periodic solutions around the equilibrium of the linearized equations can be considered. Our aim is to find true solutions near these time-periodic approximations. Solutions satisfying so called physical boundary condition at the free boundary with the vacuum will be constructed using the Nash-Moser theorem. This work also can be considered as a touchstone in order to estimate the universality of the method which was originally developed for the non-relativistic Euler-Poisson equations.

Review text

The author of the present paper discusses the existence and specific properties of spherically symmetric solutions of the Einstein-Euler equations. The Einstein equations have the form: NEWLINE\[NEWLINE R_{\mu\nu }-(1/2)g_{\mu\nu }R=8\pi c^{-4}GT_{\mu\nu }, NEWLINE\]NEWLINE where \(R_{\mu\nu }\) is the Ricci tensor of the matter, \(R\) is the scalar curvature, \(g^{\alpha\beta } R_{\alpha\beta}\) is associated with the metric \(ds^2 = g_{\mu\nu }dx^{\mu }dx^{\nu }\), \(T^{\mu\nu }\) is the energy-momentum tensor of the matter, \(G\) is the constant of gravitation, and \(c\) is the speed of light. These Einstein equations imply the Euler equations \(\nabla_{\nu }T^{\mu\nu }=0\). This is a mathematical model of gaseous star as an application of the General Relativity theory. It is considered also a barotropic equation of state. Further, spherically symmetric solutions to the considered equations are found. Equilibria of the spherically symmetric Einstein-Euler equations are given by the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equations NEWLINE\[NEWLINE dm/dr=4\pi r^2\rho , \;\;dP/dr = -(\rho +P/c^2)\frac{G(m+4\pi r^3P/c^2)} {r^2(1-2Gm/c^2r)}, NEWLINE\]NEWLINE where the variables depend on \(\rho \) and \(r\): \(F = F(\rho (r))\), \(H = H(r)\), \(\rho = \rho (r)\), \(P = P (\rho (r))\), \(V \equiv 0\), \( R \equiv r\). In the paper the exact expressions for the above stated variables are given in explicit form. Thus the time-periodic solutions of the considered equations are obtained. The solutions are defined around the equilibrium of the linearized equations.NEWLINENEWLINEThe author discusses the existence of true solutions near the time-periodic approximations. The solutions defined on the physical boundary, i.e. satisfying the boundary conditions (at the free boundary with the vacuum) would be of interest here. To find the aforementioned solutions it is used an approach by the Nash-Moser theorem.NEWLINENEWLINEFinally, the author asserts that the present work can be considered ``as a touchstone in order to estimate the universality of the method which was originally developed for the nonrelativistic Euler-Poisson equations.

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