Stability and instability of self-gravitating relativistic matter distributions

DOI10.1007/S00205-021-01647-2zbMATH Open1468.83023arXiv1810.00809OpenAlexW3163021167MaRDI QIDQ2036623FDOQ2036623

Gerhard Rein, Mahir Hadžić, Zhiwu Lin

Publication date: 30 June 2021

Published in: Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We consider steady state solutions of the massive, asymptotically flat, spherically symmetric Einstein-Vlasov system, i.e., relativistic models of galaxies or globular clusters, and steady state solutions of the Einstein-Euler system, i.e., relativistic models of stars. Such steady states are embedded into one-parameter families parameterized by their central redshift $kappa>0$. We prove their linear instability when $kappa$ is sufficiently large, i.e., when they are strongly relativistic, and that the instability is driven by a growing mode. Our work confirms the scenario of dynamic instability proposed in the 1960s by Zel'dovich & Podurets (for the Einstein-Vlasov system) and by Harrison, Thorne, Wakano, & Wheeler (for the Einstein-Euler system). Our results are in sharp contrast to the corresponding non-relativistic, Newtonian setting. We carry out a careful analysis of the linearized dynamics around the above steady states and prove an exponential trichotomy result and the corresponding index theorems for the stable/unstable invariant spaces. Finally, in the case of the Einstein-Euler system we prove a rigorous version of the turning point principle which relates the stability of steady states along the one-parameter family to the winding points of the so-called mass-radius curve.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.00809

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zbMATH Keywords

Einstein-Vlasov systemEinstein-Euler systemrelativistic models of stars

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Exact solutions to problems in general relativity and gravitational theory (83C15) Macroscopic interaction of the gravitational field with matter (hydrodynamics, etc.) (83C55) Space-time singularities, cosmic censorship, etc. (83C75) Quantum hydrodynamics and relativistic hydrodynamics (76Y05) Galactic and stellar structure (85A15) Mathematical modeling or simulation for problems pertaining to astronomy and astrophysics (85-10)

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