Bifurcations and stability of standing waves in the nonlinear Schrödinger equation on the tadpole graph

DOI10.1088/0951-7715/28/7/2343zbMATH Open1328.35216arXiv1412.8232OpenAlexW2964329489MaRDI QIDQ2944167FDOQ2944167

Diego Noja, Dmitry Pelinovsky, Gaukhar Shaikhova

Publication date: 28 August 2015

Published in: Nonlinearity (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We develop a detailed rigorous analysis of edge bifurcations of standing waves in the nonlinear Schr"odinger (NLS) equation on a tadpole graph (a ring attached to a semi-infinite line subject to the Kirchhoff boundary conditions at the junction). It is shown in the recent work [7] by using explicit Jacobi elliptic functions that the cubic NLS equation on a tadpole graph admits a rich structure of standing waves. Among these, there are different branches of localized waves bifurcating from the edge of the essential spectrum of an associated Schr"odinger operator. We show by using a modified Lyapunov-Schmidt reduction method that the bifur- cation of localized standing waves occurs for every positive power nonlinearity. We distinguish a primary branch of never vanishing standing waves bifurcating from the trivial solution and an infinite sequence of higher branches with oscillating behavior in the ring. The higher branches bifurcate from the branches of degenerate standing waves with vanishing tail outside the ring. Moreover, we analyze stability of bifurcating standing waves. Namely, we show that the primary branch is composed by orbitally stable standing waves for subcritical power nonlinearities, while all nontrivial higher branches are linearly unstable near the bifurcation point. The stability character of the degenerate branches remains inconclusive at the analytical level, whereas heuristic arguments based on analysis of embedded eigenvalues of negative Krein signatures support the conjecture of their linear instability at least near the bifurcation point. Numerical results for the cubic NLS equation show that this conjecture is valid and that the degenerate branches become spectrally stable far away from the bifurcation point.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1412.8232

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zbMATH Keywords

edge bifurcationexistence and stabilityquantum graphsstanding waves solutionsnonlinear Schrödinger equation

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Bifurcation theory for ordinary differential equations (34C23) Bifurcations in context of PDEs (35B32) NLS equations (nonlinear Schrödinger equations) (35Q55) Stability problems for infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems (37K45) Quantum mechanics on special spaces: manifolds, fractals, graphs, lattices (81Q35) Bifurcation problems for infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems (37K50)

Cited In (51)

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• On the notion of ground state for nonlinear Schrödinger equations on metric graphs
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• Bifurcations of standing localized waves on periodic graphs

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