An analog of the 2-Wasserstein metric in non-commutative probability under which the fermionic Fokker-Planck equation is gradient flow for the entropy

DOI10.1007/S00220-014-2124-8MaRDI QIDQ406646zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Jan Maas, Eric Carlen

Publication date 9 September 2014

Published in Communications in Mathematical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.5377

zbMATH Keywords

Fokker-Planck equationvon Neumann algebraRiemannian metricClifford algebraTalagrand inequalitygeodesic equations2-Wasserstein metricnon-commutative probability

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Fokker-Planck equations (35Q84) Geodesics in global differential geometry (53C22) Stochastic methods (Fokker-Planck, Langevin, etc.) applied to problems in time-dependent statistical mechanics (82C31) Noncommutative probability and statistics (46L53) Operator algebra methods applied to problems in quantum theory (81R15)

Abstract: Let $Cl$ denote the Clifford algebra over $R^n$, which is the von Neumann algebra generated by $n$ self-adjoint operators $Q_j$, $j=1,\mathrm{...},n$ satisfying the canonical anticommutation relations, $Q_i{Q}_j+Q_j{Q}_i=2delt{a}_{ij}I$, and let $au$ denote the normalized trace on $Cl$. This algebra arises in quantum mechanics as the algebra of observables generated by $n$ Fermionic degrees of freedom. Let $Dens$ denote the set of all positive operators $hoinCl$ such that $au(ho)=1$; these are the non-commutative analogs of probability densities in the non-commutative probability space $(Cl,au)$. The Fermionic Fokker-Planck equation is a quantum-mechanical analog of the classical Fokker-Planck equation with which it has much in common, such as the same optimal hypercontractivity properties. In this paper we construct a Riemannian metric on $Dens$ that we show to be a natural analog of the classical 2-Wasserstein metric, and we show that, in analogy with the classical case, the Fermionic Fokker-Planck equation is gradient flow in this metric for the relative entropy with respect to the ground state. We derive a number of consequences of this, such as a sharp Talagrand inequality for this metric, and we prove a number of results pertaining to this metric. Several open problems are raised.

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