Tracial smooth functions of non-commuting variables and the free Wasserstein manifold

DOI10.4064/DM843-10-2021MaRDI QIDQ5089672zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors David Jekel, Wuchen Li, D. Shlyakhtenko

Publication date 20 July 2022

Published in Dissertationes Mathematicae (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.06572

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Measures of information, entropy (94A17) Noncommutative function spaces (46L52) Free probability and free operator algebras (46L54) Spaces and manifolds of mappings (including nonlinear versions of 46Exx) (58D99) Transport equations (35Q49)

Abstract: We formulate a free probabilistic analog of the Wasserstein manifold on $mathbb{R}^d$ (the formal Riemannian manifold of smooth probability densities on $mathbb{R}^d$), and we use it to study smooth non-commutative transport of measure. The points of the free Wasserstein manifold $mathscrW(mathbb{R}^{\ast d})$ are smooth tracial non-commutative functions $V$ with quadratic growth at $infty$, which correspond to minus the log-density in the classical setting. The space of smooth tracial non-commutative functions used here is a new one whose definition and basic properties we develop in the paper; they are scalar-valued functions of self-adjoint $d$-tuples from arbitrary tracial von Neumann algebras that can be approximated by trace polynomials. The space of non-commutative diffeomorphisms $mathscrD(mathbb{R}^{\ast d})$ acts on $mathscrW(mathbb{R}^{\ast d})$ by transport, and the basic relationship between tangent vectors for $mathscrD(mathbb{R}^{\ast d})$ and tangent vectors for $mathscrW(mathbb{R}^{\ast d})$ is described using the Laplacian $L_V$ associated to $V$ and its pseudo-inverse $Ps{i}_V$ (when defined). Following similar arguments to arXiv:1204.2182, arXiv:1701.00132, and arXiv:1906.10051 in the new setting, we give a rigorous proof for the existence of smooth transport along any path $tmapsto{V}_t$ when $V$ is sufficiently close $(1/2)su{m}_{j}operatornametr(x_j^2)$, as well as smooth triangular transport.

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