The octonions

DOI10.1090/S0273-0979-01-00934-XMaRDI QIDQ4536037zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors John Baez

Publication date 17 June 2002

Published in Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0105155

zbMATH Keywords

projective planesstring theoryBott periodicityoctonionssupersymmetryClifford algebrastrialityFreudenthal triple systemsJordan algebrasspecial relativityexceptional Lie algebrasLorentzian geometrymagic square

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Nonassociative division algebras (17A35) Applications of Lie groups to the sciences; explicit representations (22E70) Exceptional Jordan structures (17C40) Applications of Jordan algebras to physics, etc. (17C90) Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) pertaining to nonassociative rings and algebras (17-02)

Abstract: The octonions are the largest of the four normed division algebras. While somewhat neglected due to their nonassociativity, they stand at the crossroads of many interesting fields of mathematics. Here we describe them and their relation to Clifford algebras and spinors, Bott periodicity, projective and Lorentzian geometry, Jordan algebras, and the exceptional Lie groups. We also touch upon their applications in quantum logic, special relativity and supersymmetry.

Recommendations

• The Geometry of the Octonions
• Glimpses of the octonions and quaternions history and today's applications in quantum physics
• Octonions and triality
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 56198
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1881995

Cites work

• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 996327 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3880635 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3929737 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 4005056 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 4084477 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1376184 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3176124 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3177295 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3697285 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3723412 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 43688 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 43774 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 46293 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1349692 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 635675 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1465056 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1550913 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 952293 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3992337 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3009584 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 768034 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 796987 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 819517 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3206732 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3213272 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3225451 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3234491 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3264021 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3321008 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3372839 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3388123 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3411238 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3184438 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3199287 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3063688 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3079619 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3087362 (Why is no real title available?)
• A Construction of Lie Algebras from a Class of Ternary Algebras
• Alternativkörper und der Satz vom vollständigen Vierseit \((D_9)\)
• An application of the theories of Jordan algebras and Freudenthal triple systems to particles and strings
• An introduction to nonassociative algebras
• Buildings of spherical type and finite BN-pairs
• Compact projective planes. With an introduction to octonion geometry
• Complex and quaternionic analyticity in chiral and gauge theories. I
• Division algebras, (pseudo)orthogonal groups and spinors
• Exceptional Lie Algebras and Related Algebraic and Geometric Structures
• Finite Lorentz transformations, automorphisms, and division algebras
• Generalized conformal and superconformal group actions and Jordan algebras
• Groups of type E7.
• Jordan algebras and their applications
• Lectures on exceptional Lie groups. Ed. by Zafer Mahmud and Mamoru Mimura
• Lie groups in the foundations of geometry
• Moufang plane and octonionic quantum mechanics
• NON-PARALLELIZABILITY OF THE n-SPHERE FOR n > 7
• Octonionic description of exceptional Lie superalgebras
• Oktaven, Ausnahmegruppen und Oktavengeometrie
• On an algebraic generalization of the quantum mechanical formalism
• On the Algebras Formed by the Cayley-Dickson Process
• On the dimension of a composition algebra
• On the non-existence of elements of Hopf invariant one
• On the parallelizability of the spheres
• Quasialgebra structure of the octonions
• Solutions to Yang-Mills field equations in eight dimensions and the last Hopf map
• Spiders for rank 2 Lie algebras
• Spinor Construction of Vertex Operator Algebras, Triality, and 𝐸⁽¹⁾₈
• The Exceptional Simple Lie Algebras F ₄ and E ₆
• The exceptional Jordan algebra and the superstring
• The octonionic eigenvalue problem
• The projective geometry of Freudenthal's magic square.
• Über eine nicht-desarguessche ebene projektive Geometrie

Cited in

(only showing first 100 items - show all)

• Enhanced Dynkin diagrams done right
• Octonions, triality, the exceptional Lie algebra F4 and polar actions on the Cayley hyperbolic plane
• Dynamical correspondence in a generalized quantum theory
• Relationship graphs of real Cayley-Dickson algebras
• Non-associativity in the Clifford bundle on the parallelizable torsion 7-sphere
• Algorithms for finding the roots of some quadratic octonion equations
• Exceptional Jordan matrix models, octonionic strings/branes and star product deformations
• Numerical information processing under the global rule expressed by the Euler-Riemann \(\zeta\) function defined in the complex plane
• Compact geodesic orbit spaces with a simple isotropy group
• Polynomials and degrees of maps in real normed algebras
• Stolarsky's invariance principle for projective spaces
• Three generations, two unbroken gauge symmetries, and one eight-dimensional algebra
• Applications of metaplectic cohomology and global-local contact holonomy
• Almost nonnegative curvature on some fake 6- and 14-dimensional projective spaces
• Discrete octonion Fourier transform and the analysis of discrete 3-D data
• Relation graphs of the sedenion algebra
• Octonionic presentation for the Lie group \(\mathrm{SL}(2, \mathbb O)\)
• Octonion multiplication and Heawood's map
• Product of three octonions
• Octonionic Brownian windings
• Extendable orthogonal sets of integral vectors
• Slice regular functions and orthogonal complex structures over \(\mathbb{R}^8\)
• Para-linearity as the nonassociative counterpart of linearity
• Integration of vector Sobolev-type PDE over octonions
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 7163071 (Why is no real title available?)
• Triangulations and Severi varieties
• Spectral properties of nonassociative algebras and breaking regularity for nonlinear elliptic type PDEs
• Octonions in random matrix theory
• M-theory cosmology, octonions, error correcting codes
• Bohr theorems for slice regular functions over octonions
• Metrization theorem for uniform loops with the invertibility property
• Characterization of orthomaps on the Cayley plane
• Stable Subnorms II
• Dynamic metaplectic spinor quantization: the projective correspondence for spectral dual pairs
• A method for the algebraic extension of the Lagrangian of weak interactions to nonassociative algebra
• Slice Dirac operator over octonions
• On expansions in neutrino effective field theory
• Geometry of color perception. II: Perceived colors from real quantum states and Hering's rebit
• Classification of left octonionic modules
• Estimates and Monotonicity for a heat flow of isometric \(G_2\)-structures
• Integer-valued polynomials on algebras: a survey of recent results and open questions
• Quaternion octonion reformulation of Grand Unified Theories
• Division algebras of slice functions
• Riesz and Green energy on projective spaces
• Split octonionic Cauchy integral formula
• Division algebras and quantum theory
• The Riemann curvature tensor and Higgs scalar field within CAM theory
• The transition function of \(G_2\) over \(S^6\)
• Octonion analysis of several variables
• Two lives: compositions of unimodular rows
• The Yamabe operator and invariants on octonionic contact manifolds and convex cocompact subgroups of \(F_{4(-20)}\)
• Spin(11, 3), particles, and octonions
• Some hidden structure in BKL
• Almost automorphic solutions in distribution for octonion-valued stochastic recurrent neural networks with time-varying delays
• On the Moyal deformation of Nahm equations in seven dimensions
• On the Classification of Two Center Orbits for Magical Black Holes
• Octonions as Clifford-like algebras
• Algebraic structure underlying spherical, parabolic, and prolate spheroidal bases of the nine-dimensional MICZ–Kepler problem
• The Cayley hyperbolic space and volume entropy rigidity
• Some exceptional cases in mathematics: Euler characteristic, division algebras, cross vector product and Fano matroid
• On Cosets of the Unit Loop of Octonion Integers
• Duplication methods for embeddings of real division algebras
• A simple and quantum-mechanically motivated characterization of the formally real Jordan algebras
• Nonassociative Ricci Flows, Star Product and R‐flux Deformed Black Holes, and Swampland Conjectures
• Cauchy formulae and Hardy spaces in discrete octonionic analysis
• Accelerated discovery of machine-learned symmetries: deriving the exceptional Lie groups \(G_2\), \(F_4\) and \(E_6\)
• On doubly alternative zero divisors in Cayley-Dickson algebras
• Left-right symmetric fermions and sterile neutrinos from complex split biquaternions and bioctonions
• Role of division algebra in seven-dimensional gauge theory
• The exceptional Lie algebra \(\mathfrak{g}_2\) is generated by three generators subject to quadruple relations
• Weyl almost periodic solutions of octonion-valued high-order fuzzy neural networks with delays
• Extension of algebras and its applications to the real Clifford algebras
• Magic square's squares and division algebras
• Full Laplace spectrum of distance spheres in symmetric spaces of rank one
• A tour on Hermitian symmetric manifolds
• An Accessible Proof of Hurwitz’s Sums of Squares Theorem
• Jordan algebraic interpretation of maximal parabolic subalgebras: exceptional Lie algebras
• Why Quaternions and Octonions Exist
• On dual hyperbolic numbers with generalized Jacobsthal numbers components
• Dyson processes on the octonion algebra
• Cartan meets Chaplygin
• Cayley-Dickson split-algebras: doubly alternative zero divisors and relation graphs
• A. Kolmogorov and M. Riesz Theorems for Octonion-valued Monogenic Functions
• HYPERBOLIC MANIFOLDS THAT FIBRE ALGEBRAICALLY UP TO DIMENSION 8
• Lie 3-algebra and super-affinization of split-octonions
• Commutativity and collinearity: a historical case study of the interconnection of mathematical ideas. I
• The angular Laplacian on symmetric Damek-Ricci spaces
• Sedenionic formulation for the field equations of multifluid plasma
• Generalization of compressible fluid equations in terms of complexified octonions
• Quaternion equations for hydrodynamic two-fluid model of vortex plasma
• The exceptional simple Lie group \(F_{4(-20)}\), after J. Tits
• Symmetric cubic surfaces and \(G_2\) character varieties
• The Coulomb gauge in non-associative gauge theory
• Oriented CW complexes and finite‐dimensional alternative algebras
• A “magic” approach to octonionic Rosenfeld spaces
• Approximation strategy based on the T-product for third-order quaternion tensors with application to color video compression
• New examples of \(\mathrm{G}_2\)-structures with divergence-free torsion
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 56198 (Why is no real title available?)
• Two-by-two random matrix theory with matrix representations of octonions
• Pseudo almost periodic synchronization of OVCNNs with time-varying delays and distributed delays on time scales

This page was built for publication: The octonions

Report a bug (only for logged in users!)Click here to report a bug for this page (MaRDI item Q4536037)