Leonard pairs having specified end-entries

DOI10.1016/J.LAA.2014.09.024zbMATH Open1303.05215arXiv1409.4333OpenAlexW2021903823MaRDI QIDQ471920FDOQ471920

Kazumasa Nomura

Publication date: 17 November 2014

Published in: Linear Algebra and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Fix an algebraically closed field $mathbbF$ and an integer $dgeq3$. Let $V$ be a vector space over $mathbbF$ with dimension $d+1$. A Leonard pair on $V$ is an ordered pair of diagonalizable linear transformations $A:VoV$ and $A^{*}:VoV$, each acting in an irreducible tridiagonal fashion on an eigenbasis for the other one. Let ${v_i}_{i=0}^d$ (resp. ${v_i^{*}}_{i=0}^d$) be such an eigenbasis for $A$ (resp. $A^{*}$). For $0leqileqd$ define a linear transformation $E_i:VoV$ such that $E_i{v}_i=v_i$ and $E_i{v}_j=0$ if $jeqi$ $(0leqjleqd)$. Define $E_i^{*}:VoV$ in a similar way. The sequence $Phi=(A,{E_i}_{i=0}^d,A^{*},{E_i^{*}}_{i=0}^d)$ is called a Leonard system on $V$ with diameter $d$. With respect to the basis ${v_i}_{i=0}^d$, let ${h_i}_{i=0}^d$ (resp. ${a_i^{*}}_{i=0}^d$) be the diagonal entries of the matrix representing $A$ (resp. $A^{*}$). With respect to the basis ${v_i^{*}}_{i=0}^d$, let ${het{a}_i^{*}}_{i=0}^d$ (resp. ${a_i}_{i=0}^d$) be the diagonal entries of the matrix representing $A^{*}$ (resp. $A$). It is known that ${het{a}_i}_{i=0}^d$ (resp. ${h_i^{*}}_{i=0}^d$) are mutually distinct, and the expressions $(het{a}_{i-1}-het{a}_{i+2})/(het{a}_i-het{a}_{i+1})$, $(het{a}_{i-1}^{*}-het{a}_{i+2}^{*})/(het{a}_i^{*}-het{a}_{i+1}^{*})$ are equal and independent of $i$ for $1leqileqd-2$. Write this common value as $$. In the present paper we consider the "end-entries" $het{a}_0$, $het{a}_d$, $het{a}_0^{*}$, $het{a}_d^{*}$, $a_0$, $a_d$, $a_0^{*}$, $a_d^{*}$. We prove that a Leonard system with diameter $d$ is determined up to isomorphism by its end-entries and $$ if and only if either (i) $$ and $q^{d-1}eq-1$, where $$, or (ii) $$ and $extChar(mathbbF)eq2$.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1409.4333

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zbMATH Keywords

tridiagonal matrixtridiagonal pairLeonard pair

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Association schemes, strongly regular graphs (05E30) Orthogonal polynomials and functions of hypergeometric type (Jacobi, Laguerre, Hermite, Askey scheme, etc.) (33C45) Basic orthogonal polynomials and functions (Askey-Wilson polynomials, etc.) (33D45) Linear transformations, semilinear transformations (15A04)

Cites Work

• Leonard pairs from 24 points of view.
• Two linear transformations each tridiagonal with respect to an eigenbasis of the other
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• Two linear transformations each tridiagonal with respect to an eigenbasis of the other; comments on the parameter array
• Affine transformations of a Leonard pair
• The end-parameters of a Leonard pair
• Some trace formulae involving the split sequences of a Leonard pair
• Balanced Leonard pairs

Cited In (4)

• The end-parameters of a Leonard pair
• Three mutually adjacent Leonard pairs
• Self-dual Leonard pairs
• Title not available (Why is that?)

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