Optimal estimates for fractional fast diffusion equations

DOI10.1016/J.MATPUR.2014.07.002MaRDI QIDQ488022zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Bruno Volzone, Juan Luis Vázquez

Publication date 23 January 2015

Published in Journal de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées. Neuvième Série (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1310.3218

zbMATH Keywords

best constantscomparison theoremsfractional Laplaciannonlocal parabolic equationssymmetrization

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

A priori estimates in context of PDEs (35B45) Nonlinear parabolic equations (35K55) Fractional partial differential equations (35R11)

Abstract: We obtain a priori estimates with best constants for the solutions of the fractional fast diffusion equation $u_t+(-Delta{)}^{sigma/2}{u}^m=0$, posed in the whole space with $0<sigma<2$, $0<mle1$. The estimates are expressed in terms of convenient norms of the initial data, the preferred norms being the $L^1$-norm and the Marcinkiewicz norm. The estimates contain exact exponents and best constants. We also obtain optimal estimates for the extinction time of the solutions in the range $m$ near 0 where solutions may vanish completely in finite time. Actually, our results apply to equations with a more general nonlinearity. Our main tools are symmetrization techniques and comparison of concentrations. Classical results for $sigma=2$ are recovered in the limit.

Review text

Using parabolic comparison results from a previous work [ibid. (9) 101, No. 5, 553--582 (2014; Zbl 1290.35317)], the authors obtain precise a priori estimates with best constants for the solutions of the fractional diffusion equation \(\partial_t u+(-\Delta)^{\sigma/2}A(u)=f\), \(0<\sigma <2\), \(0<m\leq 1\). Some extra regularity conditions are accepted as needed, like \(A\) being smooth with \(A'(u) >0\) for all \(u >0\). The problem is posed in the whole space \(\mathbb{R}^N\). Special attention is paid to cases of the form \(A(u) =u^m\) with \(m >0\); the equation is then called the fractional heat equation when \(m =1\), the fractional porous medium equation if \(m >1\), and the fractional fast diffusion equation if \(m <1\). The linear equation \(\partial_t+(-\Delta)^{\sigma/2}A(u)=0\) is a model of the so-called anomalous diffusion, a much studied topic in physics. Classical results for \(\sigma=2\) are recovered in the limit.

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