Symmetries in fluctuations far from equilibrium
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Publication:4907461
DOI10.1073/PNAS.1013209108zbMATH Open1256.82005arXiv1009.1243OpenAlexW2148730544WikidataQ34978053 ScholiaQ34978053MaRDI QIDQ4907461FDOQ4907461
Carlos Pérez-Espigares, Jesús J. del Pozo, Pablo I. Hurtado, P. L. Garrido
Publication date: 2 February 2013
Published in: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (Search for Journal in Brave)
Abstract: Fluctuations arise universally in Nature as a reflection of the discrete microscopic world at the macroscopic level. Despite their apparent noisy origin, fluctuations encode fundamental aspects of the physics of the system at hand, crucial to understand irreversibility and nonequilibrium behavior. In order to sustain a given fluctuation, a system traverses a precise optimal path in phase space. Here we show that by demanding invariance of optimal paths under symmetry transformations, new and general fluctuation relations valid arbitrarily far from equilibrium are unveiled. This opens an unexplored route toward a deeper understanding of nonequilibrium physics by bringing symmetry principles to the realm of fluctuations. We illustrate this concept studying symmetries of the current distribution out of equilibrium. In particular we derive an isometric fluctuation relation which links in a strikingly simple manner the probabilities of any pair of isometric current fluctuations. This relation, which results from the time-reversibility of the dynamics, includes as a particular instance the Gallavotti-Cohen fluctuation theorem in this context but adds a completely new perspective on the high level of symmetry imposed by time-reversibility on the statistics of nonequilibrium fluctuations. The new symmetry implies remarkable hierarchies of equations for the current cumulants and the nonlinear response coefficients, going far beyond Onsager's reciprocity relations and Green-Kubo formulae. We confirm the validity of the new symmetry relation in extensive numerical simulations, and suggest that the idea of symmetry in fluctuations as invariance of optimal paths has far-reaching consequences in diverse fields.
Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1009.1243
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