Persistence versus extinction under a climate change in mixed environments

From MaRDI portal
(Redirected from Publication:491882)



Abstract: This paper is devoted to the study of the persistence versus extinction of species in the reaction-diffusion equation: �egin{equation} u_t-Delta u=f(t,x_1-ct,y,u) quadquad t>0, xinOmega, onumber end{equation} where Omega is of cylindrical type or partially periodic domain, f is of Fisher-KPP type and the scalar c>0 is a given forced speed. This type of equation originally comes from a model in population dynamics (see cite{BDNZ},cite{PL},cite{SK}) to study the impact of climate change on the persistence versus extinction of species. From these works, we know that the dynamics is governed by the traveling fronts u(t,x1,y)=U(x1−ct,y), thus characterizing the set of traveling fronts plays a major role. In this paper, we first consider a more general model than the model of cite{BDNZ} in higher dimensional space, where the environment is only assumed to be globally unfavorable with favorable pockets extending to infinity. We consider in two frameworks: the reaction term is time-independent or time-periodic dependent. For the latter, we study the concentration of the species when the environment outside Omega becomes extremely unfavorable and further prove a symmetry breaking property of the fronts.


The author studies the persistence versus extinction of species in the reaction-diffusion equation \[ u_t-\Delta u=f(t,x_1-ct,y,u), \quad t>0, x\in \Omega,\eqno(1) \] which is considered in two frameworks: (1) \(f\) is time-independent and \(x=(x_1,y)\in \Omega=\mathbb{R}\times \omega\), where \(\omega\) is an open, bounded and smooth domain in \(\mathbb{R}^{N-1}\); (2) \(f\) is periodic in \(y\) and \(t\), and \(x=(x_1,y)\in \mathbb{R}^N\). For the first case, the homogeneous Neumann boundary condition is considered, and the traveling front is of the form \(u(t,x)=U(x_1-ct,y)>0\) for \(x\in \Omega\). There exists a threshold value \(c^*\) such that \(U(x_1-ct,y)\) exists and is unique for \(0\leq c<c^*\). Moreover, the species is persistent as \(0\leq c<c^*\), but is extinct as \(c>c^*\). For the second case, the pulsating front is of the form \(u(t,x)=U(t,x_1-ct,y)>0\) for \(x\in \mathbb{R}^N\). Let \(\tilde{\lambda}_1\) be the generalized principal eigenvalue of the linearized operator of the wave profile equation; then \(\tilde{\lambda}_1<0 \) leads to the existence and uniqueness of pulsating front, and also the persistence of the species, while \(\tilde{\lambda}_1\geq 0 \) is corresponding to the extinction of the species. The equation (1) originally comes from a model in population dynamics to study the impact of climate change. Based on this consideration, the author further studies the concentration of the species when the environment outside \(\Omega\) become extremely unfavorable. At the last, a symmetry breaking property of the fronts was presented.




Cited in
(57)








This page was built for publication: Persistence versus extinction under a climate change in mixed environments

Report a bug (only for logged in users!)Click here to report a bug for this page (MaRDI item Q491882)