Gapped and gapless phases of frustration-free spin-12 chains

DOI10.1063/1.4922508MaRDI QIDQ5264398zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Sergey Bravyi, David Gosset

Publication date 27 July 2015

Published in Journal of Mathematical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1503.04035

zbMATH Keywords

quantum spin chain

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Linear operator inequalities (47A63) Quantum computation (81P68) Selfadjoint operator theory in quantum theory, including spectral analysis (81Q10) Continuum limits in quantum field theory (81T27) Lattice systems (Ising, dimer, Potts, etc.) and systems on graphs arising in equilibrium statistical mechanics (82B20)

Abstract: We consider a family of translation-invariant quantum spin chains with nearest-neighbor interactions and derive necessary and sufficient conditions for these systems to be gapped in the thermodynamic limit. More precisely, let $psi$ be an arbitrary two-qubit state. We consider a chain of $n$ qubits with open boundary conditions and Hamiltonian $H_n(psi)$ which is defined as the sum of rank-1 projectors onto $psi$ applied to consecutive pairs of qubits. We show that the spectral gap of $H_n(psi)$ is upper bounded by $1/(n-1)$ if the eigenvalues of a certain two-by-two matrix simply related to $psi$ have equal non-zero absolute value. Otherwise, the spectral gap is lower bounded by a positive constant independent of $n$ (depending only on $psi$). A key ingredient in the proof is a new operator inequality for the ground space projector which expresses a monotonicity under the partial trace. This monotonicity property appears to be very general and might be interesting in its own right. As an extension of our main result, we obtain a complete classification of gapped and gapless phases of frustration-free translation-invariant spin-1/2 chains with nearest-neighbor interactions.

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Cited in

(31)

• Improved bounds on the spectral gap above frustration-free Ground states of quantum spin chains
• The complexity of translationally invariant spin chains with low local dimension
• The spectral gap for some spin chains with discrete symmetry breaking
• Spectral gaps for the two-species product vacua and boundary states models on the \(d\)-dimensional lattice
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• Lie-Schwinger block-diagonalization and gapped quantum chains: analyticity of the ground-state energy
• Constraints on order and disorder parameters in quantum spin chains
• Classification of gapped Hamiltonians in quantum spin chains
• Rigorous RG algorithms and area laws for low energy eigenstates in 1D
• Frustration free gapless Hamiltonians for matrix product states
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• Divide and conquer method for proving gaps of frustration free Hamiltonians
• Undecidability of the Spectral Gap
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• Spectral gaps of frustration-free spin systems with boundary
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• Unveiling chiral states in the XXZ chain: finite-size scaling probing symmetry-enriched \(c = 1\) conformal field theories
• Hamiltonian complexity in the thermodynamic limit
• Noncontextual Pauli Hamiltonians
• A class of asymmetric gapped Hamiltonians on quantum spin chains and its characterization I
• A class of asymmetric gapped Hamiltonians on quantum spin chains and its characterization. II

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