Hamiltonian Spectral Flows, the Maslov Index, and the Stability of Standing Waves in the Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation

DOI10.1137/22M1533797MaRDI QIDQ6049484zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Graham Cox, Yuri Latushkin, Robert Marangell

Publication date 17 October 2023

Published in SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.04731

zbMATH Keywords

differential operatorseigenvaluesHamiltonian systemsMaslov indexnonlinear Schrödinger equationstability

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Homoclinic and heteroclinic solutions to ordinary differential equations (34C37) General spectral theory of ordinary differential operators (34L05) Eigenvalues, estimation of eigenvalues, upper and lower bounds of ordinary differential operators (34L15) Particular ordinary differential operators (Dirac, one-dimensional Schrödinger, etc.) (34L40) Relations of infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian dynamical systems with topology, geometry and differential geometry (37K25) General theory of ordinary differential operators (47E05) Lagrangian submanifolds; Maslov index (53D12)

Abstract: We use the Maslov index to study the spectrum of a class of linear Hamiltonian differential operators. We provide a lower bound on the number of positive real eigenvalues, which includes a contribution to the Maslov index from a non-regular crossing. A close study of the eigenvalue curves, which represent the evolution of the eigenvalues as the domain is shrunk or expanded, yields formulas for their concavity at the non-regular crossing in terms of the corresponding Jordan chains. This, along with homotopy techniques, enables the computation of the Maslov index at such a crossing. We apply our theory to study the spectral (in)stability of standing waves in the nonlinear Schr"odinger equation on a compact spatial interval. We derive new stability results in the spirit of the Jones--Grillakis instability theorem and the Vakhitov--Kolokolov criterion, both originally formulated on the real line. A fundamental difference upon passing from the real line to the compact interval is the loss of translational invariance, in which case the zero eigenvalue of the linearised operator is geometrically simple. Consequently, the stability results differ depending on the boundary conditions satisfied by the wave. We compare our lower bound to existing results involving constrained eigenvalue counts, finding a direct relationship between the correction factors found therein and the objects of our analysis, including the second-order Maslov crossing form.

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(7)

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• Detecting eigenvalues in a fourth-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a non-regular Maslov box
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• Resonant vector bundles, conjugate points, and the stability of pulse solutions to the Swift-Hohenberg equation using validated numerics. I
• Hadamard-type formulas for real eigenvalues of canonically symplectic operators

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